双项名词句的歧价效应

The multi-valency effect of double NP construction

双项名词句"NP1,NP2(都/也)V"是现代汉语常见的一种主谓谓语句,其特别之处在于具有"题元互换"的歧价效应,这为歧义的产生提供了基本的句法环境。文章从题元实现的角度讨论该句式的歧价效应及其产生歧义的句法、语义条件。双项名词句是SVO常式句话题化的结果,语序是一种"语用语序",其论旨关系因不受语序的句法限制而由SVO常式句中的确定性变为不确定性,"题元互换"的歧价效应因此而生。但歧义产生需同时具备以下三个条件:NP1和NP2都须具有[+有生性]的语义属性;动词V必须是二价动词;NP1不能由周遍性成分担任。

The Chinese‘NP1,NP2(dou/ye(都/也))V’construction is a typical double NP construction,whose predicate is a subject-predicate structure.What makes this construction distinct from the canonical one is the multi-valency effect arising because of the argument interchangeability,an effect that may result in ambiguity.On the basis of analyses of syntactic,semantic constraining conditions where ambiguity is to arise,this paper attempts to elaborate the value of multi-valency effect,assuming that the double NP construction derives from SVO,a canonical sentence pattern in Mandarin Chinese,as the result of topicalization.Topicalization not only breaks the balance of the conventional word order,but also leads to the uncertainty of thematic relation in the topicalized sentence,so that the syntactic structural dependency of the sentence is reduced,and the multi-valency effect emerges.The double NP construction may be ambiguous when the following three conditions are all met:both NP1 and NP2 are featured[+animate];the verb is bivalent;NP1 is not universal.