基于MaxEnt模型的渤海湾沿岸鸻鹬类栖息地适宜性评价

Habitat suitability assessment of shorebirds in Bohai Bay coast using MaxEnt Model

渤海湾沿岸是鸻鹬类迁徙路线的重要栖息地。由于自然和人为原因,栖息地面积减少,质量恶化。因此,开展渤海湾沿岸鸻鹬类栖息地适宜性评价,对湿地生物多样性保护有重要意义。基于鸻鹬类点位信息和环境因子数据,利用MaxEnt模型对渤海湾沿岸2000年和2015年鸻鹬类栖息地适宜性进行评价。结果表明:土地利用/覆被、NDVI、年均气温、坡向是影响鸻鹬类分布的主要因子;鸻鹬类适宜栖息地主要分布在河北唐山南部和天津滨海地区。研究时段内渤海湾沿岸适宜栖息地面积总体有所下降,河北适宜栖息地面积下降,天津和山东增加;栖息地适宜性增加地区主要集中于天津南部、山东东南部,下降地区主要分布在河北丰南、黄骅及天津宁河县。该研究可识别渤海湾沿岸鸻鹬类适宜栖息地的分布范围及变化趋势,对该区域鸻鹬类保护及栖息地管理具有重要参考意义。

Bohai Bay coast is one of the most important habitats for migratory shorebirds along the East Asia-Australasian Flyway. However,the habitats are facing severe degradation and loss due to human activities. Assessing habitat suitability and identifying key areas are of great importance for the biodiversity conservation. We evaluated habitat suitability of Bohai Bay coasts in 2000 and 2015 with MaxEnt model based on the datasets including shorebirds occurrence data and environmental factors. The results showed that land use/cover,NDVI,mean annual temperature and aspect were the main factors affecting the distribution of shorebirds. Shorebirds mainly distributed at the coastal wetlands of southern Tangshan and Tianjin. From 2000 to 2015,the area of suitable habitats for shorebirds varied among different regions. The increments of suitable habitats were mainly located in southern Tianjin and southeastern Shandong,while the decrements were mainly located in Fengnan and Huanghua of Hebei,and Ninghe County of Tianjin. By identifying the distribution range of suitable habitats of shorebirds in the Bohai Bay,our results provide supports for shorebirds conservation and habitat management.