《礼经》观念与“五经”体系的发展与变化

On the Concept of The Book of Rites and the Development of Five Classics System

西汉“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”,“五经”成为汉王朝政治文化的基础,其《礼经》是指《仪礼》。东汉末年,“三《礼》”的概念产生。到了唐朝,“五经”体系由五种文本扩展成九种文本,《礼记》《周礼》与《仪礼》共同构成了《礼经》的概念。到了宋代,本经概念出现,本经是相对于《论语》《孟子》而言的,指唐代形成的九经,在科举考试中,《礼记》《周礼》的地位明显高于《仪礼》。同时,《礼记》中的《大学》和《中庸》两篇逐渐独立。元、明、清三代,《礼记》成为《礼经》,《周礼》《仪礼》则被排除在科举考试的“五经”之外,《大学》和《中庸》彻底独立,与《论语》《孟子》组成“四书”,成为科举考试的内容,由此也形成了新的五经体系。

Five Classics was the foundation of politics and culture in Xihan Dynasty.The Book of Rites was Yi Li.Five Classics included nine books in Tang Dynasty,and The Book of Rites included three books.The concept of Original Classics came into being in Song Dynasty,and it expressed nine classics except The Analects and Mencius.The Great Learning,The Doctrine of the Mean,The Analects and Mencius were reinterpreted by some scholars,known as The Four Books.Five Classics and The Four Books formed a new system of Confucian Classics after Song Dynasty.The Book of Rites was Li Ji edited by Dai Sheng,instead of Zhou Li and Yi Li after Yuan Dynasty.