微环境通过细胞骨架张力对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响

Effects of Microenvironment on Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Cytoskeleton Tension

细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)是微环境中为细胞提供力学线索的主要元件。干细胞对基质力学信号改变的响应主要通过细胞骨架实现。细胞外基质性能改变后,力学信号经信号复合体传递,细胞骨架作为贯穿细胞整体的网状支架结构,在分子马达的作用下纤维重组产生张力,该力学信号可以转导为化学信号或直接传递至细胞核骨架,产生一系列对干细胞干性、增殖、分化以及凋亡的影响。骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)对于骨改建和治疗具有重要的意义。总结微环境改变后细胞骨架张力在BMSCs成骨分化过程中的影响及力信号响应机制。

Extracellular matrix is the main element to provide mechanical clues for cells.The response of stem cells to mechanical signals is mainly achieved through the cytoskeleton.After mechanical signal is transmitted,cytoskeleton can form contractile microfilaments that actively generate tension through reorganization induced by microenvironment changes.The mechanical signals can regulate gene expression through either coupling with the nuclear skeleton directly or being transformed by the second message.Recent studies have proven that cytoskeleton tension has a series of impact on lineage specification,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).BMSCs are of great significance in bone reconstruction and clinical treatment.The possible mechanisms about mechanotransduction and its effects of cytoskeleton tension on osteogenesis of BMSCs after micro-environmental changes were summarized.