摩西斗管囊霉改善连作花生根际土壤的微环境

Improvement of continuous microbial environment in peanut rhizosphere soil by Funneliformis mosseae

花生(Arachis hypogaea)长期连作导致土壤环境恶化,严重影响产量和品质。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)作为有益真菌能够与80%的陆生植物根系形成共生关系,这种共生体能够改善植物根系微环境,提高植物对营养物质的吸收和对逆境胁迫的抗性。为了探究AMF对花生连作土壤微环境的影响,该研究通过对花生连作土壤接种和未接种摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)试验,在花生不同生长期检测根际土壤的酶活性、土壤矿物质含量、土壤微生物群落结构和多度的变化情况,以及对连作花生产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明:1)摩西斗管囊霉能够显著提高花生根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶的活性;2)摩西斗管囊霉显著增加花生连作土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾的含量;3)摩西斗管囊霉显著降低土壤中有害真菌曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)的多度,减少镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和赤霉菌属(Gibberella)的多度,但是没有达到显著水平,显著增加有益细菌放线菌Gaiella属的多度;4)摩西斗管囊霉显著提高连作花生的产量,增加籽仁中蛋白质、油酸和亚油酸的含量。因此,摩西斗管囊霉能够改善连作花生根际土壤微生态环境,增强连作土壤对致病菌的抵抗能力,从而缓解连作障碍对花生根系的危害。

Aims Long-time continuing cropping of peanut(Arachis hypogaea) would result in soil deterioration, which would seriously affect the productivity and the quality of peanut. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) have been used as a fertilizer that may improve root microenvironment, increase nutrient uptake and stress resistance of the plants. This study investigated the effects of Funneliformis mosseae on peanut rhizosphere microenvironment under continuing peanut cropping. Methods We conducted an experiment to examine soil properties, peanut productivity and quality between the treatments of:(1) peanut seedlings inoculated with F. mosseae in continuous cropping soil, and(2) peanut seedlings without the inoculation. Important findings We observed that F. mosseae significantly enhanced the activity of sucrase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and nitrate reductase in soil, significantly increased the soil contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium. Meanwhile, the abundances of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Gibberella in the rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping were decreased, while the abundances ofGaiella was significantly increased comparing to the treatment without F. mosseae inoculation. In addition, F. mosseae significantly increased the peanut yield and quality, including protein, oleic acid and linoleic acid content. Our results suggested that F. mosseae improve the peanut rhizosphere environment, alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping.