走向服务政府:洛克有限政府理论及其启示

The Transformation to Service-Oriented Government:The Limited Government Theory of John Locke and the Inspiration from the Theory

随着国家治理现代化建设的推进,我国政府治理模式经历了管理型政府向服务型政府的转变.洛克有限政府理论在保护公民权利、实现政治国家与市民社会互动等方面具有积极的现实意义,但有限政府不一定等同于服务政府,在面对不同时期、不同国情下的市场失灵问题以及权衡德治与法治、自由与平等、作为与不作为等现实问题时,有限政府理论具有自身的局限性.而服务型政府必然是一个有限政府,洛克所提出的自然权利、社会契约以及权利让渡所构成的有限政府理论,对于新时代构建服务政府仍然有很强的借鉴意义.

With the improvement of the modernization construction by national governance,China's government has undergone a transition of governance model from a management-oriented government to a service-oriented government.Locke's theory of limited government has positive practical significance in protecting the rights of citizens and promoting the interaction between political states and civil society.However,limited government is not completely equivalent to service-oriented government.In the face of market failures and trade-offs between rule by morality and rule by law,freedom and equality,effort and effortlessness and other practical issues in different periods and different national conditions,the theory of limited government has its own limitations.Of course,the service-oriented government must be a limited government.The limited government theory made by John Locke consisting of right of freedom theory,social contract theory,and rights alienation theory still has valuable reference significance for constructing a service-oriented government in the new era.