预包装食品营养强化标签标识现状调查

Investigation on the situation of nutrient fortification of pre-packaged food

目的了解市售预包装食品营养强化标签标识现状,为我国食品营养强化相关标准的修订提供参考。方法采用横断面调查方法,从GB 14880-2012《食品安全国家标准食品营养强化剂使用标准》允许强化的食品类别中选取11类常见食品,随机采集市售预包装食品标签样品3 760份,分析每类食品中强化的营养素种类及其强化比例。结果 3 760份调查样品中共有489份样品进行了营养强化,总体强化率为13.0%,不同类别食品的营养强化情况差异较大,其中乳及乳制品、饮料类和粮食及粮食制品强化比例较高,分别为39.7%(160/403)、15.0%(151/1 006)和14.0%(76/542),110份调制乳粉样品全部进行了营养强化,远高于其他类别食品,而冷冻饮品、果泥、豆浆、胶基糖果、大米制品、杂粮粉及其制品等类别共计411份样品均未进行营养强化。从强化的营养素种类看,维生素A、D、E、B族以及钙、铁、锌等我国居民较缺乏的营养素在各类食品中的强化比例相对较高,磷、γ-亚麻酸、乳铁蛋白、酪蛋白磷酸肽等在各类食品中的强化比例较低。结论我国市售预包装食品总体营养强化比例不容乐观,建议相关标准修订过程中应结合市场产品现状,对可强化的食品类别、允许添加的营养素种类等进行系统评估分析,以切实提高居民微量营养素摄入,并丰富市场产品和促进产业创新。

Objective To investigate the status of nutritional fortification labeling of pre-packaged foods, and to provide reference for the revision of food standard. Methods Cross-sectional survey method was conducted in 11 categories of food which were allowed to fortified in National Food Safety Standard for the use of food nutritional fortifier in foods(GB 14880-2012). A total of 3 760 label samples were collected during April to October in 2016, the number of fortified nutrients in each category food and its frequency were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 489 out of 3 760 samples were fortified with different nutrients, the total fortified frequency was 13.0% and there was a big difference between different categories of foods. Milk and dairy products, beverage products, grain and grain products had higher fortification proportion, which were 39.7%(160/403), 15.0%(151/1 006) and 14.0%(76/542), and prepared milk powder(110 samples) was all fortified, much higher than other types of food. A total of 411 samples in frozen drinks, fruit paste, soy milk, gum-based candy, rice products, cereal powder and its products were not fortified. The frequencies of fortified nutrients, vitamin A, D, E, B, calcium, iron and zinc were higher whereas phosphorus, γ-linolenic acid, lactoferrin, casein phosphopeptides was lower. Conclusion The overall fortification status of pre-packaged food was not optimistic. It was suggested that in the revision of GB 14880-2012, a systematic assessment should be made to decide which kind of food was suitable for food nutrition fortification carrier and which nutrient was suitable to be added, so as to improve the micronutrient intake of residents, and improve market variety and promote industrial innovation.