基于资源保护理论的老年人退而不休影响因素研究

Study on Factors Influencing Re-employment of the Elderly Based on Conservation of Resources Theory

退而不休是积极老龄化背景下广受关注的重要议题。基于资源保护理论构建老年人退而不休资源保护模型,结合第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查湖北片区数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,比较分析影响老年人退而不休的四大类资源--投资收益资源、社会支持资源、投资成本资源和生活耗损资源。研究发现:就生活耗损资源来说,年支出较多或有子女"啃老"的老年人,退而不休的可能性显著高于年支出较少或没有子女"啃老"的老年人;就投资成本资源来说,周锻炼次数越少的老年人退而不休的可能性越大;就社会支持资源来说,养老金年收入越低的老年人退而不休的可能越大;就投资收益资源来说,经济状况、退休前单位性质等,均对老年人退而不休有显著影响。最后,结合研究结果给出了相应的分析与建议。

Re-employment is an important topic that gains a lot of attention under the background of active ageing.This paper developed a resource conservation model for re-employment of the elderly on the basis of Conservation of Resources Theory.Using the bivariate logistic regression model and data from the Fourth Sample Survey on the Living Conditions of China’ s Urban and Rural Older Persons(Hubei),this paper made a comparison among four categories of resources influencing older persons’ re-employment:return on investment resources,social support resources,investment cost resources and living consumption resources.We find that in terms of living consumption resources,older persons who have higher annual expenditure or whose children are still living off them,are more likely to be re-employed compared to their counterparts.In terms of investment cost resources,the less they do weekly exercise,the more likely they are to be re-employed.In terms of social support resources,the lower annual pension income they receive,the more likely they are to be re-employed.In terms of return on investment,their financial status and the nature of their affiliations before retirement have significant impacts on re-employment of the elderly.Finally,corresponding policy suggestions are proposed based on results of this research.