国土空间规划视角下的江门市文化遗产廊道构建研究

Studies on the Construction of Cultural Heritage Corridor in Jiangmen City from the Perspective of Territory Space Planning

近年来,我国文化遗产所赖以生存的城乡环境遭到城市化浪潮的冲击,大量建筑文化遗产面临自身衰败和生态环境破坏的双重压力。如何在快速发展过程中有效保护遗产廊道是未来工作的重点。本文结合廊道适宜性理论,基于国土空间规划视角提出了结合遗产廊道整体性建设与生态保护的构想,利用GIS技术进行江门市文化遗产廊道构建研究:首先通过生态敏感性分析获得研究区域高中低敏感区的主要分布情况,通过生态适宜性分析获得研究区域土地开发建设适宜性分区的主要分布情况;然后对研究区文化遗产资源进行价值评估与空间分布集聚分析,确定文化遗产廊道的主题与基本空间格局;利用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)模拟空间可达性,得出潜在的文化遗产廊道区域;最后,结合多规合一的国土空间基础信息平台,得到最终的江门市文化遗产廊道保护空间网络。文化遗产廊道与国土空间规划的结合将实现从文化遗产点到历史文化空间的视角转变,本研究希望对粤港澳大湾区文化遗产廊道的规划与研究提供一定的借鉴与参考。

In recent years,the urban and rural environment that China’s cultural heritage depends on is suffering from the impact of urbanization.A large number of architectural cultural heritages are facing the dual pressure of its own decay and ecological environment destruction.As a concept describing heritage distribution and regional characteristics,heritage corridors p rovide a n ew p erspective f or t he p rotection a nd u tilization o f c omprehensive heritage across regions.How to effectively protect heritage corridors in the process of rapid development will be the focus of future work.The planning and construction of cultural heritage corridors have received great attention from the country in recent years.This paper analyzes the opportunities and construction methods of cultural heritage corridors from the perspective of territorial space planning,and puts forward the“dual evaluation”system of territorial space planning as an important basis for defining the ecological protection scope of cultural heritage corridors and clarifying the degree of land development and construction along the heritage corridors.Combined with the corridor suitability theory,the idea of combining the heritage corridor’s overall construction with ecological protection was put forward.The GIS technology was used to study the construction of cultural heritage corridors in Jiangmen city.First,according to the existing geographical characteristics in the study area,it selects ecological sensitivity evaluation factors and ecological suitability evaluation factors to construct an evaluation system,and then it extracts and calculates each factor to complete the single-factor ecological sensitivity evaluation and single-factor ecological suitability evaluation.The weight of each factor is obtained through the analytic hierarchy process and reference to previous experiences.And then,a spatial superposition analysis is performed on the ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability of each single factor to complete the comprehensive analysis of ecological sensitivity and comprehensive analysis of ecological suitability.According to the analysis results at this stage,“ecological priority”is the primary principle of the space planning of cultural heritage corridors,and the ecologically high sensitive areas and middle sensitive areas are divided into the ecological protection scope of the cultural heritage corridor space planning of Jiangmen city.The results of suitability analysis can be used to guide the further development of the cultural heritage corridors in Jiangmen.In addition,the elements of cultural heritages are identified and spatially located,and the value evaluation and spatial agglomeration analysis of cultural heritage resource points are carried out.The theme and basic spatial pattern of cultural heritage corridors are determined through the spatial distribution characteristics and value evaluation of cultural heritage resource points.Next,comprehensive analysis of the ecological process,construction process and other factors,using the minimum cumulative resistance model is carried out to further analyze the suitability of the heritage corridor.After determining the relative resistance values of different areas on the landscape surface to the heritage leisure and recreation activities,it employs the spatial analysis function of GIS to obtain the suitability evaluation results of heritage recreational activities.After that,it uses the minimum path method to generate potential Jiangmen cultural heritage corridors through the cost path command of GIS.Finally,based on comprehensive ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability analysis,cultural heritage resource suitability analysis,GIS technology is used to establish a database of various types of planning maps in Jiangmen city,forming a multi-regulated unified territorial space basic information platform for Jiangmen city.Taking the territorial space basic information platform as the base plate,and combining the land and space planning at various levels and various levels,Jiangmen city’s land and space plan is formed as a“picture”.And then,it links the potential cultural heritage corridors with various higher-level plans of Jiangmen city.In addition,Jiangmen city is an important node city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.The spatial planning of cultural heritage corridor in Jiangmen city should focus on the overall planning of the whole Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay area,and be connected with the relevant planning of it.Finally,the spatial network system of cultural heritage corridors in Jiangmen at the national scale should be obtained.This article takes the territorial space planning as the research entry point and explores the methods and processes of constructing cultural heritage corridors.On the one hand,it helps to strengthen the academic research of cultural heritage corridors.On the other hand,it helps to complement and deepen the localization practice and exploration of linear cultural heritage.The combination of cultural heritage corridors and territorial space planning will change the perspective from cultural heritage sites to historical and cultural spaces.It is expected that it will provide some references for the planning and research of cultural heritage corridors in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.