县级国土空间总体规划的实践认知与策略研究——以四川省大英县国土空间总体规划为例

Studies on Practice Cognition and Strategy of County-Level Territorial Space Master Plan: A Case of Daying County, Sichuan Province

国土空间规划是国家空间发展的指南与可持续发展的空间蓝图,是各类开发保护建设活动的基本依据。县级国土空间规划作为“五级三类四体系”中侧重于实施的重要层级,其核心内容是实现对全县域、全要素、全过程的空间管控。本文从四川省大英县实践探索的角度,对县级国土空间总体规划编制路径进行了深入分析,指出县级国土空间总体规划编制中存在的主要问题,并探讨了总体规划编制中基于县域发展战略导向的“优地优用”策略、基于县级尺度的五律导向研判评估策略、基于县域发展供需导向的留白控制策略以及基于县级层面服务于规划管治的技术支撑策略,为县级国土空间总体规划编制提供了一定的技术范式借鉴。

Territorial space planning is the guidance of National Space Development,the space blueprint on sustainable development and the basis of all kinds of development,protection and construction activities.In our country’s current administrative territorial entity system,city and county are two different administrative levels,because of the differences in their jurisdiction and authority,according to the rules of“who manage,who approve”,city-level territorial space planning and county-level territorial space planning in the preparation of content and depth should be different.The city-level territorial space planning should focus on the strategic development and spatial control at the city level,while the county-level territorial space planning should be an important level in the“five-level,three-type and four-system”,its core content is to achieve the county,all the elements,the whole process of space management and control and the strict implementation of municipal indicators.Taking Daying County of Sichuan Province as an example,this paper takes an in-depth study and analysis on the compilation path of countylevel territorial space master planning from the perspective of practice and exploration,and points out the following problems existing in the compilation of county-level territorial space master planning at the present stage:1)It is difficult to reuse the land with low efficiency.The demand for incremental land use is particularly strong because it is difficult to reuse inefficient land at the county level.2)The results of the general planning of territorial space at the county level are constantly being revised and explored in accordance with national,provincial and municipal requirements,the uncertainty of technical requirements leads to the difficulty of the pilot work of county-level territorial spatial planning.3)Because of the initial data of“The Third National Land Survey”is still in the process of node updating,and has not formed the final data result,there are still some problems in the connection between the Third National Land Survey data and the planning basic data.The accuracy and validity of the current situation data,which is the basis of the land spatial planning,have a direct impact on the scientificness and operability of the land spatial planning achievements.Based on the main problems existing in the general planning of county-level territorial space,this paper discusses and summarizes the technical strategies for the general planning of county-level territorial space,it includes:1)The strategy of“optimizing the use of land”based on the county development strategy.Under the premise of controlling the total amount of construction land index,optimal land use will become an effective guarantee to realize land intensive and economical use.As an important node city in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,Daying County will still be developing rapidly in the next 15 years.The proposal of the development strategy of the Chengdu-Chongqing District economic circle has provided strong policy support for Daying County to seek index support,it will also be the focus of the current round of territorial space planning.2)Evaluation Strategy of five-law-oriented research based on county scale.In the overall planning of territorial space,we should learn to use the method of systematic synthesis and take five-law coordination as the guidance,carefully analyze the natural law,economic law,social law,ecological law and technological law that restrict the process of urban development,form the synergy effect of five kinds of laws through the rational allocation of space resources,and realize the optimum synergy degree of five laws,promoting high-quality urban development.3)White Space Control Strategy based on supply and demand orientation of county development.In the work of new territorial spatial planning,we should fully recognize the limitation of the quantity of resources and the imbalance of their distribution,in which land resources are essential productive capital for human beings,it is an important carrier to meet the needs of the continuous development of human survival,production and social activities,and to ensure human survival and security.From a supply-side perspective,based on the professional judgment of the traditional overall land use planning,we should determine and unify the bottom figure of the whole domain,scientifically and rationally carry out the“double evaluation”of the resources and environment,and plan the“three areas and three lines”as a whole,the protection and governance measures of different subareas should be arranged according to the principles of the balance of resources supply,population,resources and environment,and the unity of economic and social ecological benefits.4)Technical Support Strategy based on county level serving planning governance.“practical and easy-to-use”land spatial planning results need not only professional technical standards and technical system support,but also advanced technical tools to ensure.Data technology is the key support in the process of“double evaluation”of territorial spatial planning and the construction of results management platform.In order to realize the strategy of the main functional area and the accurate landing of all kinds of spatial control elements,a national land space planning“one map”should be formed on the basis of the land space basic information platform,the planning staff should realize the technical thinking transformation from perceptual cognition to rational coordination under the guidance of efficient planning management.