以“应试教育”为名的教育困境解读——“景观社会”的理论视角

Interpretation of the Educational Dilemma of “Exam-oriented Education”——From the Perspective of “The Society of Spectacle” Theory

社会舆论对以"应试教育"为表征的教育诸问题的讨论为当前媒体文化与消费文化所困,或陷入情绪化的同义反复式批评。运用社会理论学者居伊·德波的"景观社会"理论映照既有以"应试教育"为靶向的教育批评论述,重新剖析教育商业市场与正规教育系统中已显现的"异化"教育事象:影子教育实为一种无限竞逐的虚假游戏,"教育"被误识为个体的外在需求,商品化的教育有量无质;消费主义化的教育逻辑或已逐渐潜入正规教育系统,学校文化有可能沦为"景观社会"的载体。欲走出"景观化"教育,学校后设文化的建设或许是一种充满勇气的尝试。

The further critical public opinions different from the professional community about the education issues which is attributed to the symbol of "Exam-oriented education"is confined by the current online media culture and consumption culture, and falls into the irrational and synonymous repeated criticism. Based on the"The society of Spectacle"theory of Guy-Ernest Debord, analyzing of"Exam-oriented education", what is found that some phenomenon of"alienation"can be seen in both the educational business market and institutionalized educational system. In the context and the narration of"Exam-oriented education", shadow education is a kind of fake game which is an infinite competition;"educating"is misunderstood as the external needs of individuals, and the amount of commoditized education is beyond its quality;the logic of consumerism gradually has influence on the institutionalized education system and the school culture may become the performance of the"Spectacle society". To deconstruct the"the Spectacle of education", school metaculture approach is a possible and courageous tool for practical change.