朱熹与永嘉学派关于“欲”的思想之分歧

On Divergence of the Concept “Desire” between Zhu Xi and Yongjia School

朱熹和永嘉学派思想的分歧在对"欲"概念的认识和处理上表现得最为鲜明。朱熹思想中的"欲"概念是出自于理论推理,其内涵分两部分,即生于"性"者其本体为"理",是为"理欲";生于"心"者,本体为"气",是为"人欲"或"私欲"。永嘉诸子思想中的"欲"则更多的是对自然存在的人欲的总结。对"欲"的处理上:朱熹主张修心,即守诚虚静、不被外界的利欲所诱而妄动;永嘉诸子则主张兴实政、实德以保民、养民,满足人们普遍的利欲诉求,并以利欲去引导人们向善,用制度去限制人们为恶。两派关于"欲"的思想之分歧,根源在于两派思想家们各自不同的生活地域和不同的学术经历。

The divergence about recognizing and processing of the concept "desire" is distinctive between Zhu Xi and YongJia School. The concept "desire" in Zhu Xi’s thought is originated from the theoretical reasoning. Its connotation is classified to two parts. One is called "reason-desire", which means it comes naturally and the essence is desirable. The other is called "human desire" or " selfish desire", which means it comes mentally and the essence is temperament. The "desire" in YongJia School prefers a summary of human desire that exists naturally. As for the attitude toward "desire", Zhu Xi advocates that people cultivate their minds and avoid to be interfered by the outside at the same time, can’t be lured by the benefits of materials. On the other hand, YongJia School advocated to promote real power and real virtue in order to protect, provide good timing for others. Using benefits to guide people to a correct road, rules to limit people’s negative mind while meeting common demands. The root of their difference about "desire" lies in their various living area and the difference academic experience.