泸州市老年人心理健康状况及影响因素分析

Mental health of aging population in Luzhou and its influencing factors

目的随着老龄化问题的突出,老年人心理健康成为社会现实问题。本研究旨在了解泸州市老年人心理健康现状,分析泸州市老年人心理健康的影响因素,为老年人心理健康服务实践提供参考依据。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2018-10-23-2018-11-08泸州市2个社区≥60岁老年人进行调查。采用基本情况调查表(包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、居住状况、文化程度、子女数、月收入状况、慢性病情况和家庭关系)及简版心理健康连续体量表(mental health continuum short form,MHC-SF)(成人版)〔包括(情绪性安康、心理性安康和社会性安康)3个维度〕进行问卷调查。由统一培训的调查员进行入户问卷调查。结果回收问卷150份,其中有效142份,有效率为94.67%。MHC-SF总均分(t=28.233,P<0.001)、情绪性安康(t=24.255,P<0.001)、社会性安康(t=32.329,P<0.001)和心理性安康得分(t=17.066,P<0.001)均高于国内常模。泸州市老年人婚姻状况(t=2.952,P<0.01)、文化程度(F=6.362,P<0.01)、子女数(F=4.63,P<0.05)及家庭关系(t=-3.998,P<0.001)对心理健康影响,差异有统计学意义。多因素线性回归分析显示,自变量对因变量的解释率为26.6%,受教育程度、婚姻状况、子女数及家庭关系是泸州市老年人心理健康状况的影响因素。结论泸州市老年人的心理健康状况较好。教育程度、家庭人际关系与家庭支持对泸州市老年人心理健康的影响大。

OBJECTIVE With the prominent problem of aging,the mental health of the elderly has become a social reality.This paper aims to explore the mental health of the elderly in Luzhou and its influencing factors.METHODS The convenience sampling method was used to investigate the elderly aged over 60 years in two communities of Luzhou City from October 23 to November 8 in 2018.The basic information questionnaire(including gender,age,marital status,living condition,educational level,number of children,monthly income status,chronic diseases and family relations)and the short form of mental health continuum(MHC-SF)(adult version)[including emotional well-being,psychological well-being and social well-being]were used.Investigators with unified training conducted household questionnaires.RESULTS Totally150 questionnaires were collected,of which 142 were effective,the effective rate was 94.67%.The total average score of MHC-SF(t=28.233,P<0.001),emotional well-being(t=24.255,P<0.001),social well-being(t=32.329,P<0.001)and psychological well-being(t=17.066,P<0.001)were higher than the domestic norm.The influence of marriage status(t=2.952,P<0.01),education level(F=6.362,P<0.01),number of children(F=4.63,P<0.05)and family relationship(t=-3.998,P<0.001)on mental health of the elderly in Luzhou City were significantly different.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the explanatory rate of independent variable to dependent variable was 26.6%.Educational level,marital status,number of children and family relationship were the influencing factors of mental health status of the elderly in Luzhou.CONCLUSIONS Compared with the national average level of adults,the mental health of the elderly in Luzhou is better.Education level,family interpersonal relationship and family support have great influence on the mental health of the elderly in Luzhou City.