畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用及生态茶园种养复合模式研究

Exploration on Resource Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Waste: Study and Verification of Breeding and Planting Compound Model of Ecological Tea Garden

【目的】筛选适宜的生态茶园种养复合模式并验证模式的可行性。【方法】以养殖业废弃物为对象,对养分进行分析检测,筛选了适宜于生态茶园的种养复合模式;以筛选的“猪-肥-茶”种养复合模式为对象,以试验小区的形式,采用检测分析、产量观测等方法,研究分析了模式的安全性、营养成分以及应用的肥力、发芽密度、产量等效果。【结果】通过对牛、羊、猪、鸡等养殖废弃物检测分析,排泄废弃物的全氮和全碳为羊>猪>牛,粪便的有机质含量为羊>猪>牛,畜禽粪便中都含有丰富养分;经模式验证,肥液的平均氮璘钾比例为2.39:1.78:1,较为适合乌龙茶茶园需要,特别是氮含量达1.17 g/L,土壤pH值从约3.6到3年后上升为4.3,有机质从低于10 g/kg上升为21.2 g/kg,水解性氮含量从低于200 mg/kg,上升为567 mg/kg,有效鱗含量变化没有明显规律,采用浇灌肥液处理后茶园春季发芽密度呈现逐年上升趋势,从53个/1109 cm2增长到了71个/1109 cn2,产量也逐年上升。【结论】在福建茶区生态茶园建设以“猪-肥-茶”种养复合模式较为适宜;通过验证显示,猪-肥-茶复合模式的生态茶园安全性有保障,养分含量较为丰富,氮璘钾比例合适,可改善土壤pH值,显著增加土壤有机质,显著提高土壤水解性氮、有效钾的含量,使春季发芽密度和全年亩产量显著提高,“猪-肥-茶”种养复合模式技术可应用于福建茶区生态茶园建设。

[Objective]The feasibility of the model was to screen and verify the breeding and planting compound model of ecological tea garden.[Method]Taking the aquaculture waste as the object,the nutrient composition was analyzed and tested,and the breeding and planting compound model for ecological tea garden was screened.Taking screened'pig-fat-tea*breeding compound model,by the method of yield observation.The safety,nutrient composition and application fertility germination density,yield and other effects of the model were verified.[Result]The detection and analysis of cultured waste of cattle,sheep,pigs,chickens and others showed that the contain of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in excretion waste was sheep>pig>cattle,the organic content of faeces was sheep>pig>cattle.The animal manure was rich in nutrients.The results of model verification showed that the average nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ratio of fertilizer was 2.39:1.78:1,which was more suitable for the needs of Oolong tea garden,especially the nitrogen content 1.17 g/L,the salt pH value was about 3.6,which rose to 4.3 after three years,the organic matter was less than 10 g/kg,which was up to 21.2 g/kg year by year,the hy-drolyzed nitrogen content did not exceed 200 mg/kg and increased to 567 mg/kg year by year,there was no obvious change in the content of effective phosphorus,the germination density increased from 53/1109 cm2 to 71/1109 cm2,after treatment with irrigation and fertilizer solution and production had also increased year by year.[Conclusion]The compound model of*pig-fat-tea,breeding was relatively suitable for the construction of ecological tea garden in Fujian tea area,and the safety of ecological tea garden in'pig-fat-tea'compound model was relatively secure,the nutrient content was abundant,the proportion of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was suitable,which could significantly improve the soil pH value,the soil organic,the content of soil hydrolyzed nitrogen,effective potassium,the germination density of spring and the yield of annual acres.It was proved that the compound model of'pig-£at-tea'was a suitable ecological tea garden construction technology.