OSAHS患儿扁桃体和腺样体术后免疫功能的变化

The changes of immune function after tonsilectomy and adenoidectomy in children with OSAHS

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是耳鼻咽喉科的一种常见病,儿童发病率呈上升趋势,调查显示儿童OSAHS发生率为4%~5%,2~6岁是发病的高峰期。OSAHS不仅严重影响儿童的睡眠质量,还会引起儿童生长发育迟缓、智力缺陷等一系列不良反应,OSAHS患儿的主要病因是扁桃体和/或腺样体肥大,因此最有效的治疗方法是扁桃体切除术和腺样体切除术。而扁桃体和腺样体是儿童淋巴组织系统的重要组成部分,在机体的防御和保护功能中发挥着重要作用。手术治疗OSAHS是否影响儿童的免疫功能目前存在争议。一些学者认为扁桃体切除和腺样体切除后儿童的免疫力降低,而另一些学者认为OSAHS儿童的免疫力在手术后保持不变,甚至比手术前有所提高。本文就儿童OSAHS手术前后免疫指标的变化作一综述。

Objective Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) is a common disease in the department of otolaryngology. The incidence of OSAHS in children is on the rise. Investigation shows that the incidence rate of OSAHS in children is 4%~5%, and 2 to 6 years old are its high ages. The peak ages of OSAHS are 6 to 12 years old. OSAHS of Children not only seriously affects children’s sleep quality, but also causes a series of adverse reactions including the retardation of growth and mental. The main etiology of OSAHS in children is tonsil and/or adenoid hypertrophy, so the most effective treatment of the disease is the tonsilectomy and adenoidectomy. However, tonsils and adenoids are important components of lymphoid tissue system in children, and play an important role in the body’s defense and protection function. Whether the surgical treatment of OSAHS affects the immune function of children is controversial. Some scholars believe that the immunity of children after tonsilectomy and adenoidectomy is reduced,while others believe that the immunity of children with OSAHS remains unchanged or even improved after surgery compared with that before surgery.This article reviews the changes of the immune indexex before and after OSAHS surgery in children.