上古汉语的~*T-系、~*L-系声母及相关古文字问题补说

Supplementary remarks on the ~*T-type and ~*L-type initials in Old Chinese and some paleographical issues related

中古端、知、章组阻塞音声母有上古*T-系、*L-系等几类来源,不同来源的谐声系列会呈现出不同的中古声母分布规律,即不同的谐声类型。本文首先回顾已有的构拟工作,指出上古*T-系声母与*L-系声母谐声类型之间的区别,再结合这些结论与相关的古文字资料,为“秃”“戴”重新构拟上古声母。

It is generally believed that,among the initial obstruents from the t-(端),tr-(知),and tsy-(章)groups in Middle Chinese,some were originated from the *T-type initials in Old Chinese whereas others were derived from the*L-type.Since pictophonetic characters which have the same phonophoric component are supposed to have the same type of initial in Old Chinese,the sharing of phonophoric element among words of the t-,tr-,and tsy-groups(either within one group or among different groups)in Middle Chinese indicates that these words must have had the same *T- type or *L- type initial in Old Chinese.Based on this,this paper examines the phonophoric component of some words from the t-,tr-,and tsy-groups in Middle Chinese,and re-identifies their possible phonological form in Old Chinese.Given the paleographic evidence,it is also suggested that the initials of tu(秃)and dai(戴)should be reconstructed as *l- and *t- in Old Chinese.