南方方言“数词+亲属名词”类型考察

The “numeral + kinship NP” structure in southern Chinese dialects:A typological research

南方方言的“数词+亲属名词”既有独用型,也有并列型,有的方言两者兼具,可称为兼用型;并列型与独用型有蕴涵关系;有的方言还有对称型。并列型用得普遍,亲属名词也多种多样。从类型学角度来看,独用型、兼用型与对称型更具价值。

In southern Chinese dialects,nouns or noun phrases expressing kinship(or other similar social relations in the Chinese culture such as nouns indicating“teacher”or“pupil”)can be combined with numerals into the structure of“numeral+kinship NP”.This research reveals that,such an expression may indicate two or more people of that kinship by mentioning only one of them,such as the reference to“mother and child”by the phrase“lia-niang(俩娘,literally,two-mother)”,or by mentioning both or all people in that relation such as the indication of“husband and wife”by the phrase“lia-fu-qi(俩夫妻,literally,two-husband-wife)”.The former is categorized as the“individual type”in this paper whereas the latter is called the“paralleled type”.In some southern Chinese dialects,both types can be found.Besides,some southern Chinese dialects also present a“symmetrical type”in which one kinship noun indicates both sides of the relation as in the case of“lia-lianjin(俩连襟,literally,two-husband of wife s sister)”meaning“the husbands of two sisters”.The investigation of this structure in various southern Chinese dialects shows that the“paralleled type”is more commonly found among dialects than the other types.