农村劳动力流动对家庭储蓄率的影响

The Influence of Rural Labor Migration on Household Saving Rate

中国农村家庭低消费、高储蓄的现实问题由来已久。当前,制约消费扩大和消费升级的因素依然突出。本文利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,实证研究了农村劳动力流动对家庭储蓄率的影响。研究结果表明,劳动力流动显著提升了家庭储蓄率。进一步研究发现,劳动力流动显著增加了家庭收入,但由于收入波动、失业、医疗和健康等不确定性而未能对家庭消费产生显著影响。研究还发现,农村家庭的人力资本投资和保险参与作为风险应对的重要方式,能有效降低劳动力流动对家庭储蓄率的影响。此外,异质性分析显示,劳动力流动缩小了农村家庭的储蓄率差距,对中低收入群体和社会网络较低的家庭储蓄率产生了更大的影响。因此,政府需要采取措施降低农村家庭的不确定性,提高流动人口家庭的消费水平。本文的研究结论为理解中国家庭的储蓄行为提供了新的视角和证据,可为扩大消费的政策制定提供参考。

The realistic problem of low consumption and high saving of rural households has a long history in China.At present,the factors restricting the expansion and upgrading of consumption are still prominent.This paper empirically studies the impact of rural labor migration on household saving rate by using the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS).The results show that labor migration has significantly increased the household saving rate.Further research found that labor migration significantly increased household income,but it failed to have a significant impact on household consumption due to income fluctuations,unemployment,medical care,health or other uncertainties.The paper also found that rural households’human capital investment and insurance participation,as important ways to deal with risks,can effectively reduce the impact of labor migration on household saving rate.In addition,heterogeneity analysis shows that labor migration has narrowed the saving rate gap of rural households and has had a greater impact on the saving rate of medium-low income groups and households with lower social networks.Therefore,the government needs to take measures to reduce the uncertainty of rural households and improve the consumption level of temporary migrant household.The conclusion of this paper provides a new perspective and evidence for understanding the saving behavior of Chinese households,and can provide a reference for policy formulation to expand consumption.