失能老年人出院准备度现状及其影响因素分析

Status quo of readiness for discharge of disabled elderly and its influencing factors

[目的]描述失能老年人的出院准备度水平,探讨其影响因素。[方法]采用一般资料及疾病状况调查表、出院准备度量表、出院指导质量量表、社会支持评定量表对青岛市5所三级甲等医院的220例失能老年人进行调查。[结果]失能老年人的出院准备度总分为(93.28±16.32)分,各维度标准化得分从高到低分别为预期获得的帮助、个人状态、适应能力。多元线性回归分析显示,出院指导质量、感知可获得的社会支持、对社会支持利用度、自理能力、住院时间等是失能老年人出院准备度的影响因素。[结论]失能老年人的出院准备度有待提高,医务人员应加强和改进对失能老年人及其主要照顾者的出院指导,加强人文关怀,帮助失能老年人建立有效的社会支持系统,尤其重视自理能力低、住院时间长的失能老年人病人,提高其出院准备度,保障出院后安全。

Objective:To describe the status quo of readiness for discharge of disabled elderly and to explore its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 220 cases of disabled elderly in five tertiary grade A hospitals in Qingdao were investigated using the self-designed general information and disease status questionnaire,the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale,the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale,and the Social Support Rating Scale.Results:The total score of discharge readiness of the disabled elderly was 93.28±16.32.The standardized scores of each dimension were ranked in sequence,as follows,the expected help,personal status,and adaptability.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the quality of discharge guidance,perceived social support,social support utilization,self-care ability,and length of hospitalization were the influencing factors of readiness for discharge of disabled elderly.Conclusions:The readiness for discharge of disabled elderly needs to be improved.Medical staff should strengthen and improve the discharge guidance of disabled elderly and their main caregivers,enhance humanistic care,and help disabled elderly to establish an effective social support system.Particular attention should be given to disabled elderly patients with low self-care ability and long hospital stay,so as to improve their readiness for discharge and ensure safety after discharge.