人力资本的农业就业:需求管理政策考量

Agricultural Employment of Human Capital:Considerations from the Demand Management Policy

现行农业人力资本政策的目标主要是解决现代农民的从无到有、从缺乏到充裕的供给问题,同时应将农业人力资本政策的着眼点转向如何把农业改造成为一个对高素质劳动力具有吸引力的竞争性就业部门的需求方面。促进人力资本农业就业政策的基本内容包括:实现土地规模化经营,培育企业化农业组织,提高资本劳动比,加大农业基础设施建设投入,加速农业技术进步和稳定农产品价格等。该类政策由于能够降低单位农产品产出成本,促进生产者总产出和净收入增长,以及引致农业与非农产业要素收益率的收敛变化,因而对高素质劳动力的农业就业产生积极影响。处于工业化中后期的当代中国,已经具备了实施人力资本农业就业促进政策的条件和可行性。

The goal of the current agricultural human capital policy is mainly to solve the supply problems of starting from scratch and lack to abundance for modern farmers.This paper turns the focus of agricultural human capital policy to the demands of how to transform agriculture into a competitive employment sector that is attractive to high-quality labor forces.The policies promoting agricultural employment of human capital include:realizing large-scale land management,cultivating enterprise-oriented agricultural organizations,increasing the capital-labor ratio,boosting investment in agricultural infrastructure constructions,accelerating agricultural technological progress and stabilizing agricultural product prices,etc.Such policies would exert positive impacts on the agricultural employment of high-quality labor force as they could reduce the output cost per unit of agricultural products,promote the growth of total output and net income of producers,and cause the convergence change of the profit ratio of agricultural and non-agricultural industry factors.For contemporary China which has entered the middle and later stages of industrialization,the conditions and feasibility to promote agricultural employment of human capital have appeared.