非正规部门竞争、政治寻租与新创企业市场创新

Competition from Informal Sectors,Political Rent-seeking and New Ventures Market Innovation

市场创新是新创企业生存发展的根本,然而新兴经济体背景下新创企业的市场创新受到多种特定因素的影响。基于制度基础观,利用世界银行中国企业调查数据,实证考察了非正规部门竞争和政治寻租对新创企业市场创新的影响。研究发现,非正规部门竞争和政治寻租均对新创企业的市场创新具有显著的正向影响,但政治寻租未强化非正规部门竞争对企业市场创新的正向影响;非正规竞争导致的对知识产权保护的需求并非是引致新创企业进行政治寻租的主要原因,资金需求和躲避严苛繁琐的政府管制的需要是引诱企业参与政治寻租的主要原因。因此,政策制定者不必过分担忧非正规部门竞争对新创企业的负面影响,而应通过推进企业注册登记便利化和加强知识产权保护逐步消除非正规经济;要通过持续深化市场化改革和简政放权消除企业寻租的动机。

Market innovation is the foundation for the survival and development of new ventures.However,under the background of emerging economies,market innovation of new ventures is affected by many specific factors.Based on the institution-based view,this paper empirically examines the impact of competition from the informal sectors and firms’political rent-seeking on new ventures’market innovation by using the World Bank’s China-Enterprise Survey data.The results show that both informal sector competition and political rent-seeking have significant positive effects on new ventures’market innovation,but political rent-seeking doesn’t strengthen the positive impact of competition from informal sectors on firms’market innovation.The demand for intellectual property protection caused by informal competition is not the main reason for new ventures’political rent-seeking,while the needs for capital and avoidance of harsh and tedious government regulations are the main reasons why new ventures participate in political rent-seeking.Therefore,policymakers need not worry too much about the negative impact of competition from informal sectors on new ventures,but it is necessary to eliminate the informal economy gradually by promoting the convenience of enterprise registration and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights.It is also necessary to eliminate firms’rent-seeking motivation through continuous deepening of market-oriented reform and streamline administration and delegating powers.