环境微塑料污染的研究进展

Research Progress on Environmental Pollution of Microplastics

微塑料为粒径小于5mm的,对动植物、人类以及生态环境等产生危害的微型颗粒。本文从微塑料的来源、形态、分类、分布、危害等方面进行阐述,其主要来源是工业生产和日常生活中丢弃的塑料垃圾,分布于陆地土壤、海洋环境、大气环境、海陆生物甚至生活饮用水中,对动植物、人类和生态环境具有直接危害和潜在危害,提出了直接对微塑料进行处理、通过截留处理塑料来避免微塑料的产生以及从微塑料的污染源着手等相对应的处理方法。微塑料研究存在认知和相关数据获取不足、相关法律不够完善和实施效果不理想等问题,本文提出了微塑料研究的建议和可行措施,以期通过对微塑料研究的分析,为微塑料污染的研究和治理提供参考。

With the development of plastic industry in recent years,people constantly produce waste plastics.Micro-plastics,with a diameter less than 5mm,which are harmful to animals,plants,humans and the environment,are the product of a series of physical and chemical reactions.This paper elaborates on the source,shape,classification,distribution and hazards of micro-plastics.We found the main sources of micro-plastics are industrial production,discarded plastics in daily life.They distribute in terrestrial soil,marine environment,atmospheric environment,land and sea life and even drinking water and they cause direct and potential hazards to animals,plants,humans and the ecological environment.This paper also proposes that we can directly treat micro-plastics,prevent the generation of micro-plastics by intercepting plastics,and emphasize the pollution sources of micro-plastics.At present,there are some problems in micro-plastic research,such as insufficient cognition and related data acquisition in micro-plastics research,inadequate implementation of relevant laws,unsatisfactory implementation results,insufficient sample representative,lack of applications of automated sample analysis techniques,and easy contamination of experimental samples.This paper comes up with reforms on improving the relevant laws,providing more research data for studying the hazards of micro-plastics to biological organisms and the toxicity mechanism of combination with other pollutants,formulating unified analytical standards,and providing assessment systems of human health and ecological environment risk.We hope we can provide a reference for the research and treatment of micro-plastics pollution through the analysis of micro-plastics research.