2015尼泊尔地震后加德满都谷地世界文化遗产破坏特征

Damage characteristics of the world cultural heritages in Kathmandu Valley after 2015 Nepal earthquake

2015尼泊尔地震对加德满都谷地的世界文化遗产造成不可估量的损失。为了探究谷地文化遗产震害整体分布特征,对谷地世界文化遗产建筑的震害状况开展实地调查,划分了三类文化遗产震害等级标准,形成了六处世界文化遗产的震害图并对其进行统计分析,加德满都、帕坦和巴德岗三处杜巴广场震后保存基本完好的文化遗产建筑占各自总数的39.5%、53.3%、50%,斯瓦扬布纳特寺、昌谷纳拉扬寺和博达哈大佛塔主体保存基本完好,附属建筑不同程度地破坏。加德满都、帕坦和巴德岗三处杜巴广场地层的松软沉积层放大地震效应使建筑严重破坏,斯瓦扬布纳特寺、昌谷纳拉扬寺震害主要受地形特征影响。考察成果为我国同类遗产建筑的抗震防护提供参考。

The 2015 Nepal earthquake caused immeasurable damage to the world cultural heritage sites in Kathmandu Valley. In order to explore the overall distribution and characteristics of this damage, a field investigation was carried out on the seismic damage to the world cultural heritage buildings in the valley, including establishment of three categories of damage. Seismic damage maps of six world cultural heritage sites were created and then analyzed statistically. In the three Durbar(royal palace) Squares of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur, 39.5%, 53.3% and 50.0%, respectively, of the cultural heritage buildings were basically well-preserved. The main bodies of Swayambhunath, the Great Boudha Stupa and Changu Narayan Temple were basically well-preserved, but the affiliated buildings were damaged to varying degrees. The soft sediments present in Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur Durbar Squares amplified the earthquake effect, causing serious damage to buildings. The seismic damage in Swayambhunath and Changu Narayan Temple was mainly influenced by topographic features. These research results provide reference for seismic protection of similar heritage buildings in China.