故宫地下库房文物储藏柜防震措施研究

Research on measures for protecting cultural relic cabinets in the underground storerooms of the Palace Museum during earthquakes

故宫地下文物库开建于1986年,年代久,防震问题较为突出。为更好解决库房改造中遇到的困难,结合库房现状,研究提出了一种相对较适宜的防震措施。方案里提供的装置主要由夹头、导杆以及阻尼板组成,构造简单且便于安装。为评估其抗震效果,建立了有限元分析模型,并选取了三条地震波进行时程分析。从结果中发现:故宫库房内的独立储藏柜抗震性能较差,九度罕遇地震作用下,储藏柜摇摆剧烈,甚至发生了倾覆。而采用装置后,组合双柜能通过增大的滑移距离更好地耗散掉地震能量,摇摆幅度均明显降低,最大仅为1.64°(El Centro波)。因此,分析结果验证了装置的抗震有效性。

The underground storerooms of the Palace Museum were built in 1986. After many years, earthquake prevention has become an outstanding issue of the storerooms. Based on the difficulties that would be encountered in reconstruction of the underground storerooms, a more suitable solution to the seismic problem has been proposed. The plan is to utilize a seismic isolation device composed mainly of chucks, guide-bars and damping plates, that is simple in structure and easy to install. In order to evaluate its effectiveness, we created a finite element analysis model and selected three seismic waves for time-history analysis. The results show that 1) the independent, unprotected storage cabinets in these storerooms have poor seismic performance, in that they sway violently and even overturn under the condition of a 9-degree rarely-occurring earthquake;2) when using the anti-seismic device, the sway amplitude of the combined double cabinets decreases significantly as a result of increasing the sliding distance to dissipate the seismic energy, giving the maximum amplitude of only 1.64°(El Centro wave). Therefore, the analysis results demonstrate the seismic effectiveness of the device.