正丁醇同步萃取油茶饼多组分研究

Reserch on Multi-Component Synchronous Extraction by N-butyl Alcohol from Pressed Camellia Cake

为了充分利用油茶饼及探究正丁醇萃取条件对其多组分同步萃取的影响,以茶油、茶皂素、磷脂、蛋白质和碳水化合物溶出规律及作用机制为契机,以成分提取率及茶皂素纯度为评价指标,研究了萃取因素pH、温度、液料比、正丁醇含水量、时间对各组分溶出的影响。在单因素实验基础上采用三因素三水平的响应面分析方法对茶皂素纯度及茶皂素溶出率工艺参数进行优化。得到最佳萃取条件为:萃取pH 4.50、萃取温度84℃、萃取液料比10.60 mL/g,在此条件下茶皂素的溶出率为(92.38±0.57)%,茶油溶出率为(75.81±1.21)%,磷脂溶出率为(38.32±0.94)%,蛋白质溶出率为(23.63±1.41)%,碳水化合物溶出率较低,茶皂素纯度为(78.47±0.37)%。与传统提取方法相对比,正丁醇/水复合溶剂萃取茶皂素的提取率显著提高,碳水化合物等难分离物质显著减少,有利于茶皂素的进一步纯化利用。

In order to make good use of oil tea cake and explore the effects of n-butanol extraction conditions on multi-component simultaneous extraction,the extraction rate and mechanism of tea oil,tea saponin,phospholipids,protein and carbohydrates were taken as an opportunity to extract the components.The purity of tea saponin was used as the evaluation index.The effects of extraction factors,such as pH,temperature,liquid-to-liquid ratio,water content of n-butanol and time on the dissolution of each component were also studied.On the basis of single factor experiment,the three-factor and three-level response surface analysis method was adopted to optimize the tea saponin purity and tea saponin dissolution rate process parameters.The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:extraction pH was 4.50,extraction temperature 84℃,extract ratio of 10.60 mL/g,under which the dissolution rate of tea saponin was(92.38±0.57)%,tea oil dissolution rate(75.81±1.21)%,the phospholipid dissolution rate was(38.32±0.94)%,the protein dissolution rate was(23.63±1.41)%,the carbohydrate dissolution rate was low,and the tea saponin purity was(78.47±0.37)%.Compared with the traditional extraction method,the extraction rate of tea saponin extracted by n-butanol/water complex solvent was significantly improved,and the difficult-to-separate substances,such as carbohydrates were significantly reduced,contributing to further purification and utilization of tea saponin.