内蒙古农牧交错带县域耕地健康评价及障碍因素分区研究

Assessment of cultivated land health and obstacle factors zoning of county region in Agro-Grazing Ecotone of Inner Mongolia

基于RS和GIS技术,利用层次分析法、物元可拓模型和障碍度模型,从“耕地质量—耕地产能—耕地环境”角度探讨了内蒙古农牧交错带耕地健康水平及限制耕地健康的因素,并进行了不同健康等级耕地障碍因素类型分区.结果表明:研究区耕地健康状态中等偏下.耕地可分成健康、亚健康和不健康3个等级,健康耕地占52.69%,无极健康耕地.耕地健康水平空间分布与地形保持一致性.健康耕地分布在北部平原区、中部黄土丘陵区的樊家夭盆地与浑河流域两岸;亚健康耕地分布在黄土丘陵区和山区;不健康耕地分布在南部山区.健康耕地障碍类型区有灌溉保证率、有机质和有效磷障碍区,有机质障碍区面积最大;亚健康耕地有交通便捷度、水土流失程度、田面坡度、灌溉保证率和有效土层厚度5类障碍区,有效土层厚度和水土流失障碍区占亚健康耕地的60.73%;不健康耕地分为水土流失程度、田面坡度和有效土层厚度3类障碍区,其最主要的影响因素是有效土层厚度和水土流失程度.提出了耕地障碍因素类型分区和管护方向,为内蒙古农牧交错带粮食产量的提高和耕地资源分区利用与管护提供了参考.

In order to explore cultivated land health in Agro-Grazing Ecotone of Inner Mongolia and its obstacle factors,this paper developed with multiple targets for land quality,productivity and land environment.Then basing on remote sensing(RS)and geographic information systems(GIS)technologies,the cultivated land health indicator system was developed and the cultivated land health was evaluated by Matter-element Extension model and analytic hierarchy process.And the model Obstacle Degree model was used to diagnose the factors of cultivated land health.The specific research results are as follows:the overall health of cultivated land in the study area was below the moderate level.The health levels were classified into healthy,sub-healthy and unhealthy level,and the very healthy cultivated land was missing.Healthy cultivated land accounted for 52.69%.Healthy cultivated land was distributed in towns of the northern plains and the Hunhe River,sub-healthy cultivated land was distributed in the loess hilly region and mountainous region,and unhealthy cultivated land was scattered in the southern and eastern mountainous areas.The principle constraint zones of healthy cultivated land included irrigation guarantee rate,organic matter and effective phosphorus indicators.The zone of organic matter had the largest area among three constraints.The principle constraint zones of sub-healthy cultivated land included transportation accessibility,soil erosion,slope,irrigation guarantee rate and effective soil thickness.The zones of effective soil thickness and soil erosion accounted for 60.73%of the sub-healthy cultivated land.The principle constraint zones of unhealthy cultivated land included soil erosion,slope and effective soil thickness,particularly,the effective soil thickness and soil erosion.Finally,based on health assessment of cultivate land and the obstacle factors,the paper put forward the dominant constraint zoning and protection measures on evaluation unit,providing references for the improvement of grain yield and the regionalized utilization of cultivated land.