《私营企业暂行条例》与个别企业公私合营时期企业制度的变革

Provisional Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Private Enterprises and Reform of Enterprise System in the Period of Public-Private Joint Venture of Individual Enterprises

1949年下半年到1953年上半年为个别企业公私合营阶段。此时期企业制度的变革,基本上以《私营企业暂行条例》为主要参考依据,主要体现在三个方面:一是产权制度上"私营企业制度"的形式存留以及合营企业产权界定不甚清晰;二是经营管理制度上基本上遵循国家计划,合营企业与市场之间的联系基本割断;三是企业剩余分配的比例总体上取决于企业的盈余状况,有盈余的公私合营企业通常能够进行盈余分配且私方还可据此与公方进行讨价还价,以争取最大的利益,体现了此时期盈余分配的特点和个性。随着个别企业公私合营阶段即将向扩展公私合营阶段迈进,以及《公私合营工业企业暂行条例》的颁行,公私合营作为国家资本主义的高级形式和对资本主义工商业社会主义改造的终结形式被提上了党和国家的战略层面。

The second half of 1949 to the first half of 1953 was the stage of public-private joint ventures for individual enterprises. The reform of the enterprise system in this period was basically based on the Provisional Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Private Enterprises as the main reference, which is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: First, the existence of the "private enterprise system" in the property rights system and the obscure definition of the property rights of joint ventures;Second, the business management system basically follows the national plan, and the basic cut off of the connection between the joint venture and the market;Third, the proportion of surplus allocation depends on the earnings of the enterprise. A public and private joint venture with surplus usually can distribute the surplus and the private party can negotiate with the public party to achieve the maximum benefit, reflecting the characteristics and individuality of the surplus distribution in this period. As the public-private joint ventures stage of individual enterprises is about to move towards the expansion of the public-private joint ventures stage, and the promulgation of the Provisional Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Public-Private Joint Ventures, the public-private joint ventures is put on the strategic level of the party and the state as an advanced form of state capitalism and the end of the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce.