民事权利与宪法权利：规范层面的解析——兼议人格权立法的相关问题

Civil Rights and Constitutional Rights:A Normative Aspect

民事权利与宪法权利都保护人的生命、自由、财产等法益,但因调整的法律关系有别,在约束对象、规范强度、权利内容、权利目的上都明显不同,所以民事权利不是宪法权利的"具体化"。宪法在法律体系中的最高效力,仅针对与其有共同约束对象的法,而非所有的部门法;宪法权利中的"自由""平等"价值也有特定含义,不能平移至民事关系。厘清两类权利的边界,也有助于理解我国当前民法典人格权编存在的若干问题。

Although both civil rights and constitutional rights protect citizen’s life, liberty and property, but they are different on constraint objects, normative strength, rights intensity and types and purposes of rights. Therefore the former is not the concretization of the latter. The supremacy of constitution just means it can bind the laws that shared same objects with it. The key values such as freedom and equality have specific meanings and standards in constitutional context and cannot be applied to private relations. This study may be helpful to understand personality rights legislation of the ongoing codification of Civil Code.