传统士绅与次生治理：旧基层社会治理形态的新考察

Traditional Gentry and Secondary Governance:A New Survey of the Governance Forms of the Old Grassroots Society

传统士绅属于非正式权力。一方面,"皇权不下县"为其生长供给了制度性空间;另一方面,地方性知识解释的占优则是其权威获取的重要文化资源禀赋。士绅的浮沉深受国家结构、制度变迁影响,存续之命运并不是自主选择的,而是外部国家权力嵌入所致。新中国建立后,具有全面强制意义的人民公社制度体系完全消解了士绅的依附土壤,士绅由此走向消亡。在长期的"王权主义"框架下,士绅建构起的互嵌型官民共治形态为基层秩序的生产提供了一个治理机制。总结传统士绅在国家治理中的行动逻辑,"次生治理"或许是一个理论解释框架。

Traditional gentry is an informal power. On the one hand, state power does not reach the county, which provides an institutional condition for the generation of traditional gentry. On the other hand,traditional gentry has an advantage on the interpretation of local knowledge. The fate of the traditional gentry is greatly influenced by the state, whose survival is not determined by itself, but by the state. After the founding of New China, fully controlled people’s commune removed the conditions for the gentry’s existence, and the gentry began to disappear. Under the leadership of state power, the gentry established a new grass-roots governance mechanism, namely, official-civilian cooperation. Summarizing the logic of action of traditional gentry in state governance, secondary governance may be a theoretical explanation.