“新海洋学”视阈下欧美海洋文学的研究现状及趋势

Research Situation and Tendency in European and American Sea Literature in the Context of “The New Thalassology”

自20世纪末以来,欧美海洋人文社科领域涌现了一股新浪潮,学者们从跨学科的视阈审视世界海洋与人类历史文明之间的内在关联,这股浪潮被称为“新海洋学”。从全球海洋文明史的整体视阈出发,本文不仅勾勒了欧美“新海洋学”的历史脉络与最新动态,还对“新海洋学”背景下欧美海洋文学的研究动态进行了梳理。整体上看,“新海洋学”语境下的全球海洋历史文化研究成果丰硕,海洋学、历史学、社会学、经济学、考古学等众多学科的交叉融合研究成为一个显著的特点,与之相比,欧美海洋文学的研究尽管成果丰富,但研究路径大多较为单一,目前鲜有论著从海洋文明发展史的宏观视阈来整体考察欧美海洋文学的发生、发展和流变,鲜有论著讨论欧美海洋文学如何参与民族文化、民族精神、国族认同和国家形象建构;此外,“新海洋学”语境下的海洋文学批评理论及话语体系有待进一步确立。这些都是进一步开展欧美海洋文学研究的重要课题。

The new millennium is bringing humanities scholarship back to the sea,which results in what is called“the new thalassology”in the maritime humanities,whichis characterized its by interdisciplinary and intra-disciplinary perspectives.This paper traces the latest development of“the new thalassology”,surveys scholarship on European(mostly British)and American sea literature since the second half of the 20th century.In the context of“the new thalassology,”fruitful results have been achieved in the field of maritime humanities,which are significantly featured by interdisciplinary and intra-disciplinary studies between oceanography,history,sociology,economics and other disciplines.In response to this upsurge of maritime studies,rich as the scholarship on European and American maritime humanities has been,there are not without problems,i.e.there are few works to examine the occurrence,growth and development of sea literature in line with the historical development of the oceans;little has been devoted on how European and American sea literature participate in the construction of national identity and nationbuliding,etc.Accordingly,possibilities and some research subjects in sea literature are proposed as a part of the on-going endeavor to construct the maritime discourse and Blue Poetics.