民营上市公司财务监督问题——兼评《上市公司治理准则》《证券法》的相关修订

Financial Supervision of Private Listed Companies:Comment on the Relevant Revisions of Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies and Security Law

在日本设置监查委员会等三类委员会的公司中,监查委员会和会计监查人为公司财务监督的最终把门人。日本立法者虽然给予了这两大监督机构一定的独立性,但是东芝公司财务造假事件的发生却反映出这两大机构背后的许多问题。我国《上市公司治理准则》和《证券法》对公司财务监督的有关修改难以解决民营上市企业的财务造假问题。在我国,作为民营上市公司内部财务监督把门人的审计委员会和日本的监查委员会一样,有着交叉任职和缺乏专业性的问题,这使得聘任财会专业的专职审计委员显得有所必要。同时,类似于日本的情形,独立性、会计师事务所的强制轮换制度缺失和时间压力是会计师事务所担任我国民营上市公司外部财务监督把门人时所面临的问题,对此可采取的改革措施有赋予审计委员会对会计事务所的选解任权和报酬决定权、限制每年年初前4个月签字会计师审计的公司数量等。

In Japan's three-committee-style companies,supervisory committees and the accounting auditors are the final gatekeepers of the company's financial supervision.Although Japanese legislators have guaranteed these two oversight bodies some independence,the occurrence of financial fraud in Toshiba reflected many problems of these two institutions.It is difficult to solve the problem of financial fraud with the newly revised Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies and Security Law.In China,as the gatekeeper of internal financial supervision of private listed companies,the audit committee,like the supervision committee of Japan,has the problems of cross-appointment and lack of professionalism.And thus,it is necessary to hire full-time auditors of finance&accounting profession.At the same time,similar to the accounting auditors in Japan,independence,the lack of audit mandatory rotation rule of accounting firms and time pressure are the problems faced by accounting firms as the gatekeepers of external financial supervision of China's private listed companies.In this regard,Chinese legislators may adopt reform measures such as giving the audit committee the right to appoint and dismiss accounting firms and the right to determine remuneration,and limiting the number of companies that sign up for auditing by accountants in the first four months of the year,etc.