论英国的犯罪信息公开制度——以加拉格尔案为切入点

Disclosure of Criminal Records in Britain:Analysis Based on the Gallagher’s Cases

在英国,犯罪信息公开制度一直是一个备受争议的话题。《欧洲人权公约》第8条规定,每个人都享有隐私权,任何侵犯隐私权的行为必须以“合法”和“必要”为前提。2019年初,在加拉格尔系列案的上诉程序中,犯罪记录披露措施是否违反《公约》第8条规定成为英国社会关注的焦点。在该案判决中,英国最高法院虽然支持了前科被披露人员的请求,驳回了上诉,但是,法官们对于犯罪信息公开制度是否符合合法性和必要性标准却存在明显的分歧。通过对该案的基本案情、主要争议点、英国最高法院法官的不同意见的分析,可以为发展和完善我国犯罪记录登记和查询机制提供参考依据。

In Britain,the disclosure of criminal records has always been a controversial topic.Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms states that everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life,and any violation of the right to privacy must be“in accordance with the law”and“necessary”.In the early 2019,in the appeals of Gallagher's cases,whether the disclosure of criminal records is incompatible with Article 8 of the Convention has become the hot social issue in Britain.In the judgment of this case,although the Supreme Court of England upheld the requests of the respondents whose criminal record was disclosed and dismissed the appeals,there were obvious differences among the judges on whether the disclosure of criminal records met the criteria of legality and necessity.Through the analysis of the basic facts of the case,the main controversial points and the different opinions of the judges of the Supreme Court of England,it can provide reference for the development and improvement of the mechanism of criminal record registration and inquiry in China.