行政行为在德国行政诉讼中的功能变迁

The Functional Change of Administrative Act in German Administrative Litigation

行政行为概念功能的变迁,同行政诉讼制度的功能定位有着密切联系。行政行为是为划定公权力边界而创造的概念,当权利保护进入无漏洞救济的时代,行政行为无力承担这一功能,从而不得不让位于主观公权利。如果对行政行为做过于宽泛的界定,可能会导致其本来肩负的程序法上的定型化功能和诉讼法上的类型化功能的衰竭甚至丧失。如果我国行政诉讼也要确立无漏洞权利保护机制,可能需要考虑加强对“合法权益”等概念的研究,以适应权利保护的完整逻辑体系。

The development of function of the concept administrative act is closely related to the function of administrative litigation system.Administrative act is a concept created to delimit the boundary of divisions of public power.When the conception of private rights protection enters the era of relief without loopholes,the administrative act cannot bear this function anymore,so it has to give way to the concept of subjective public right.If the administrative act is defined too broadly,it may lead to the failure or even loss of its original function.If we want to establish the principle of relief without loopholes in administrative litigation,we may need to strengthen the research on the concept of“legitimate rights and interests”to adapt to the logic of right protection.