长江经济带国家级自然保护区管理状况评价

Evaluation of Management Status of National Nature Reserves in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

为切实做好长江经济带生态环境保护工作,基于HJ 913-2017《自然保护区管理评估规范》对长江经济带120处国家级自然保护区的管理状况进行评分.以评估结果为基础,评价了自然保护区管理状况的影响因素,并提出了提升自然保护区管理质量的建议.结果表明:①长江经济带国家级自然保护区的管理状况总体较好,平均得分为81.41分.从分布地区来看,经济较发达的地区,国家级自然保护区的管理状况相对较好;从建立时间看,评估总得分与国家级自然保护区的建立时长呈正相关;从规模看,评估总得分与国家级自然保护区的面积大小呈负相关;从自然保护区类型看,野生植物类型保护区的管理状况要优于野生动物类型.②从管理基础、管理措施、管理保障、管理成效、负面影响5项评估内容来看,管理基础得分相对较高,管理保障得分相对较低.③从全部指标的评分情况来看,保护对象变化和资源调查2项指标的得分相对较高;开发建设活动影响、专业技术能力、机构设置与人员配置、动态监测4项指标的得分相对较低.④Spearman相关分析表明,与评估总得分显著相关的指标为巡护执法、日常管护、专业技术能力、管护设施.研究显示,当前国家级自然保护区的机构设置、专业人才队伍建设、监测体系和开发建设活动影响是制约其管理质量提升的主要因素.

In order to effectively protect the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,the management status of 120 national nature reserves(NNRs)in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was evaluated based on the Standard for Assessment of Nature Reserve Management(HJ 913-2017).According to the evaluation results,the impact factors of management status of NNRs were evaluated,and some suggestions were put forward to improve the management level.The results show that:(1)The general management of NNRs in the Yangtze River Economic Belt works well,with an average score of 81.41,which is relatively high in the economically developed provinces.The total score of the management level is positively correlated with the duration of establishment and negatively correlated with the total size of NNR.As to different NNRs types,the management status of NNRs of wild plant type is better than that of wild animal type.(2)Regarding to the five evaluation aspects,the management foundation,management activity,management support,management effectiveness and negative impact,the average score of management basis of NNRs is relatively high,while the management support is relatively low.(3)In terms of the score of all indicators,the two indicators,change of major protected objects and resource survey,are relatively high.The scores of development and construction activity influence,professional technical ability,institution settings and staffing,dynamic monitoring are relatively low.(4)Spearman correlation analysis show that the total scores of management assessment of NNRs have higher coefficient with the indicators of patrol and enforcement,daily management and protection,professional technical ability and nursing facilities.The research shows that the organizational structure,the training of professionals,the monitoring system,the impact of development and construction activities are the main impact factors that restrict the effectiveness management of NNRs.