传统蒙学“友道”教育与学生欺凌文化治理的新思路

New Ideas of Traditional Children Education of “Way of Making Friends” and Student Bullying Culture Governance

近年来频发的学生欺凌事件本质上是深植于社会心理和文化变迁的教育病灶。传统族群生活方式瓦解滋生的隐忧、学校教育制度变迁带来的困境以及大众传播媒介泛滥导致的症结是其深层诱因。传统蒙学"友道"教育建构了"和而不同、守信重义"的人际交往观念、"以学为友、同道相求"的人格完善模式、"以友辅仁、成材达德"的人文化成路径,对学生欺凌文化治理提出了新的思路。基于文化治理的相关理论,应发挥家庭在"友道"文化观念建构中的引导作用、学校在"友道"文化惯习养成中的化育作用以及社会在"友道"文化符码交换中的中介作用。

The frequent bullying in recent years is anessential education disease deeply rooted in social psychology and cultural changes.The underlying causes are the hidden worries generated by the disintegration of traditional ethnic lifestyle,the difficulties brought by the changes of school education system, and the problems caused by the spread of mass media. The traditional children education of "way of making friends"constructs the interpersonal communication concept of "harmony but difference,keeping faith and paying attention to justice";the personality perfection mode of"taking learning as friend, seeking together with people of common ideals"and the humanistic improvement path of "moving towards benevolence, reaching high capability and nobility". This paper proposes a new approach to the cultural governance of bullying based on the theory of cultural governance, in terms of"way of making friends", family should play a guiding role in its cultural conceptconstruction;school should play a cultivating role in its cultural habit formation and the society should play a mediating role in itscultural code exchange.