教育欺凌的历史镜像学考察

School Bullying as the Historical Existence: an Silhouette from Ancient and Modern China

无论是私塾一统天下的传统教育时代,还是旧私塾、新学堂并立相争的近代教育时代,学生之间的欺凌现象一直都存在。惟此事过于隐讳,不易捕捉,今借助近代亲历者的回忆及传奇、小说等材料加以证明。同时依据科学原则加以分析归类后发现私塾中的欺凌现象有四种表现,近代新式学堂又多了六种表现。应该指出,这些现象的产生虽有家庭背景在作祟,然而更多牵涉到为师的责任及学校的职责,且于今不无借鉴意义。

There has always been bullying among students both in ancient and modern China. But that is not so easy to testify as its obscurity in history. In this paper, witnesses’ recollections and descriptions in literature works(e.g., Chuanqi, novels) were widely collected as evidences. It is found that there are four categories of bullying in the ancient, to which add another six in modern China.Though these phenomena may be partly attributed to family background, it is more involved in the responsibilities of both teachers and schools, which is worthy of reference.