多璜联璧的起源、演变与传播

The Origin, Development, and Spread of Joined huang-pendants Forming Bi-disc

晋南地区出土了数量最多、种类最齐全的多璜联璧,记录了多璜联璧生产技术由断裂缀合(A型)到拼凑缀合(B型)的演变轨迹。年代最早的A型多璜联璧起源于大汶口、良渚和薛家岗文化时期,反映了龙山时代早期东部玉文化的西渐。B型多璜联璧的产生是晋南先民在制玉技术与艺术上的双重创新,也是华西玉器工业系统兴起的标志性产品。晋南地区的多璜联璧向北传播至晋陕高原的龙山文化地区,而后在陕北与甘青地区的互动中传播至齐家文化地区。多璜联璧的起源、演变与传播过程反映了龙山时代跨地域的文化传播现象。

Southern Shanxi Province has the largest collection of joined huang-pendants forming bi-discs, which documents the production of a particular type of bi-disc through time and suggests a developmental sequence from broken-joining(Type A) to intentional-joining(Type B). Bi-discs of the Type A appeared first in the Dawenkou, Liangzhu, and Xuejiagang cultures, which reflects a westward of jade culture of the Early Longshan Culture. Bi-discs of the Type B appeared as an innovation in jade production technology as well as in jade art, which was achieved by ancient people living in present-day southern Shanxi Province. Bi-discs of the Type B soon became representative jade products and signaled the rise of jade industry in western China. The joined huang-pendants forming bi-discs in southern Shanxi Province first spread northward and reached the Jin-Shan Plateau during the Longshan times and, later, move westward and reached the Qijia Culture through the interactions between Shanbei(Northern Shaanxi) and Gansu-Qinghai regions. It is believed that the origin, development, and spread of joined huang-pendants forming bi-discs reflects cross-regional cultural diffusion in the Longshan times.