电子商务物流最后一公里配送的碳排放研究

Study on the Carbon Emission of E-logistics “Last Mile” Delivery

物流是社会生产活动中的耗能大户。近年来,电子商务行业的快速发展促使电子商务物流成为社会物流活动中重要的一部分,因而有效降低电子商务物流活动中每个环节的碳排放量对于改善社会环境、提高人类生活水平有巨大的作用。本文基于车辆载重会对耗油量产生影响的前提,采用了VRP(Vehicle Routing Problem)以及聚类分析等多种模型分别优化计算现有的各种配送模式下的车辆能耗,以解决电商物流中最后一公里的配送问题。然后,利用公式计算各种模式的总能耗和碳排放量,进而对比分析不同配送模式下的碳排放量和主要影响因素。研究表明,不同配送模式的碳排放量及关键影响因素各不相同。不仅如此,本文还基于环保视角对最后一公里的配送问题提供了重要参考意见。

Logistics costs a lot of energy.The rapid development of e-commerce has made e-logistics become one of the most important parts of social logistics in recent years.Thus decreasing the carbon emission in each link of E-logistics is beneficial to protecting the environment and improving the quality of people’s lives.This article aims to study the impacts on the environment of different“last mile”delivery modes(delivery to doorstep,reception box and delivery-and-collection points).Improved Vehicle Routing Problem and K-means models are used to optimize the energy dissipation of each mode considering the vehicle loading.Then we calculate the carbon emission according to all kinds of energy dissipation of each mode.At last,this article compares the competitiveness of three delivery modes from the perspective of environmental protection and analyzes the principle elements that affect the carbon emission of each mode.It is found that different delivery modes produce different amount of carbon emissions,and the main influence factors are different completely.Reception box produces the largest carbon emission owing to the power consumption of machines;the carbon emission of delivery to doorstep is related to the vehicle modes closely;and the carbon emission of delivery-and-collection points mainly depends on the transport modes that customers travel.This article provides some important suggestions for the development of the“last mile”delivery from the view of environmental protection.