个人信用评分的地方实践与法律控制——以福州等7个城市为分析样本

Local Experience and Legal Control of Personal Credit Scores: Analysis Taking Seven Cities including Fuzhou as an Example

作为一种声誉机制,个人信用评分是地方政府创新社会治理的重要体现,如今却陷入泛化与滥用危机。从行政过程论的角度看,个人信用评分可以分解为信用信息归集行为、信用分计算行为、信用分公布行为、信用分应用行为四种阶段行为。福州等7个城市的实践经验表明,个人信用评分存在很大的法律风险,可能严重影响公民的个人信息自决权、言论自由、平等权、信访权等合法权益。因此个人信用评分不能脱离法治轨道而任意创设和应用,应当从个人信用评分的法律框架、技术标准、程序规范以及救济机制四个方面着手建构一个系统性的法律控制机制。

As a reputation mechanism, personal credit score is an important manifestation of local government’s innovative social governance, but it has sunk into a crisis of generalization and abuse in recent years. From the perspective of administrative process theory, personal credit score can be decomposed into four stages: credit information collection behavior, credit score calculation behavior, credit distribution behavior, and credit application behavior. The practical experience of seven cities including Fuzhou shows that personal credit score has serious legal risks, which may seriously affect citizens’ legitimate rights and interests such as right to information self-determination, freedom of speech, equal rights, and petition rights. Therefore, the personal credit score cannot be created and applied arbitrarily from the legal framework. A systematic legal control mechanism should be constructed from the legal framework, technical standards, procedural norms and relief mechanisms of personal credit scoring.