四川大邑县高山古城遗址出土新石器时代动物骨骼遗存

Analysis on the Animal Bones Unearthed at Gaoshan Ancient City Site in Dayi County of Sichuan

通过对四川大邑县高山古城遗址2015、2016年出土动物骨骼遗存做了比较详细的鉴定、测量、统计和分析,可以肯定为家畜的仅有猪和狗。从出土动物骨骼的NISP、MNI统计来看,家猪的比重均占绝对优势,NISP占比达93.78%,MNI占比为86.49%;家猪上、下第三臼齿的长度、宽度较小,均处于家猪第三臼齿的长、宽参数范围内;从猪的年龄结构来看,以月龄10~20个月为主,也与一般农耕聚落家猪的宰杀年龄结构相符。鉴于以上三个方面的观察,可以推断高山古城先民饲养家猪的技术比较成熟且稳定,饲养家猪也是先民肉食资源最主要的获取途径。而狗所占的比重不高,占NISP、MNI的比重分别为3.76%和5.41%,可能多用做狩猎伴侣或其他。结果表明宝墩文化时期的高山古城先民以饲养家猪作为获取肉食资源的主要途径,当时的家畜饲养技术比较成熟稳定,而稻-粟混作的农业体系无疑为家畜的饲养奠定了坚实的基础。

Through detailed identification,measurement,statistics,and analysis of the animal bone remains unearthed from the Gaoshan ancient city site in Dayi County,Sichuan Province in 2015 and 2016,it is certain that only pigs and dogs were domestic animals.From the NISP and MNI statistics of unearthed animal bones,the proportion of domestic pig has an absolute advantage,accounting for 93.78%of NISP and 86.49%of MNI;the length and width of the third molars of domestic pigs are smaller.All of them are within the range of the length and width of the third molars of domestic pigs.As for the age structure of the pigs,the majority age is 10 to 20 months,which is also consistent with the structure of slaughtering age of domestic pigs.In view of the three observations,it can be inferred that the ancestors’techniques for raising domestic pigs in Gaoshan ancient city were relatively mature and stable.Raising domestic pigs was also the most important way to obtain meat resources for the ancestors.The proportion of dog is not high,accounting for 3.76%and 5.41%of NISP and MNI respectively,and the dogs were more likely used as hunting companions or others.The results show that the ancestors of the Gaoshan ancient city of Baodun culture period breeded domestic pigs as the main way to obtain meat resources and at that time,the domestic animal breeding skills were relatively mature and stable,and the ricemillet mixed agricultural system undoubtedly laid a solid foundation for domestic animal breeding.