新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的实验室检测技术

Laboratory testing techniques for SARS-CoV-2

2019年12月起由新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎对全球公共卫生造成了重大和急迫威胁。该病毒传染性强,主要通过飞沫和接触传播,感染者出现肺炎几率较高,少数患者会出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征合并严重呼吸道并发症,甚至导致死亡。因此,选择合适的检测技术和方法对病原学做出准确、快速的鉴定,对提高疾病的诊断和治疗效率,遏制传染病爆发流行起关键作用。本文将对该病毒实验室检测技术,包括病毒分离培养、实时荧光RT-PCR、基因测序、血清学抗体检测及基于CRISPR/Cas13系统的基因编辑技术等进行概述,以期为临床医生及科研工作者提供更好地防治策略和研究思路。

The ongoing epidemic of caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 starting in December 2019 poses a serious public health threat globally.The virus is highly infectious and transmitted mainly through droplets and contacts,and is associated with a high risk of pneumonia.A small number of patients may present with acute respiratory distress syndrome with severe respiratory complications,which can lead even to death.The selection of appropriate detection techniques and methods for accurate and rapid identification of pathogens therefore plays a key role in improving the diagnosis and treatment of the patients and containing the outbreak.In this review,the authors gives an overview of the virus laboratory detection technology,including virus isolation and culture,real-time fluorescent PCR,gene sequencing,serological antibody detection,and the gene editing technology based on CRISPR/Cas13 system.These techniques are expected to provide valuable assistance in controlling the epidemic and new ideas for future researches.