新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下大学生心理健康状况及影响因素分析

Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19

目的调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下大学生心理健康状况,探索疫情应激状态下大学生心理健康的影响因素,为采取心理健康教育提供依据。方法使用一般情况调查表、自编新冠肺炎知识认知行为表、广泛性焦虑量表和抑郁症状群量表,对3881名广东大学生进行网络问卷调查,运用无序多分类Logistic回归模型进行统计分析。结果69.47%的大学生对COVID-19的认知程度高;焦虑情绪发生率是26.60%,其中轻度、中度和重度焦虑发生率分别是23.19%、2.71%、0.70%;抑郁情绪发生率是21.16%,其中轻度、中度、中重及重度16.98%、3.17%、1.01%。多因素分析结果显示:年龄越大、对COVID-19的认知越高、日后将改变卫生行为越多是大学生焦虑和抑郁情绪越少,现所在地农村、非医学专业、疫情信息中负面信息接收量占一半以上的易产生焦虑情绪,女性、现所在地近郊、有饮酒史、疫情信息中负面信息接收量占一半以上的易产生抑郁情绪(P<0.05)。结论COVID-19疫情下,大学生出现不同程度的焦虑及抑郁心理问题,抑郁与焦虑呈高度相关,且不同程度焦虑和抑郁情绪的影响因素不完全相同,高校及有关部门应对大学生进行精准心理健康教育。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of college students during the epidemic of COVID-19 and identify the factors influencing the mental health of the students.Methods Using a general questionnaire,a self-designed new coronavirus pneumonia knowledge and cognitive behavior questionnaire,the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7(GAD-7)and Patient Health Questionnaire 9(PHQ-9),we conducted an internet-based questionnaire survey of 3881 college students in Guangdong Province.A multinomial-logistic regression model was used to analyze the collected data.Results The survey showed that 69.47%of the college students had a high level of awareness of COVID-19;the overall incidence of anxiety was 26.60%,and the incidences of mild,moderate and severe anxiety were 23.19%,2.71%,and 0.70%,respectively.Depressive emotions were detected in 21.16%of the students,and the incidences of mild,moderate,and moderate-to-severe depression were 16.98%,3.17%,and 1.01%,respectively.The results of multivariate analysis showed that an older age was associated with a higher level of awareness of COVID-19 and greater changes in future health behaviors were associated with less anxiety and depression among the students.The students currently in rural areas,of non-medical majors,and reporting half of their information concerning the epidemic being negative were more likely to have anxiety;female gender,residence in suburbs,a drinking history,and excessive negative information concerning the epidemic were all associated with the likeliness of depression.Conclusion The college students have different levels of anxiety and depression during the epidemic.Depression and anxiety are closely related,but the factors contributing to different levels of such emotions can be different,and colleges and related departments are urged to provide precision mental health education for college students.