中日城市建筑垃圾处置技术、政策对比研究

A Comparative Study on Technology and Policy of Urban Construction Waste Disposal between China and Japan

在对中日两国在建筑垃圾方面的相关政策、法律法规调研的基础上,聚焦于两国具有代表性的城市上海和东京,通过举例论证等方式详细介绍了两国各自在建筑垃圾处置方面的现状和工艺技术。我国在建筑垃圾的处置方面,以简单的人工分选、破碎、筛分为主,处置的废料来源主要以废弃混凝土和拆房垃圾为主。受制于处置费用,废料的品质向纯混凝土和混有约10%混凝土的砖混垃圾两极分化,后期的再生骨料应用市场也截然不同。日本在建筑垃圾治理方面,配套的法律政策、再生产品后期消纳途径、对应的再生产品应用标准都十分健全,治废企业可以实现较好的良性运转。在处置技术方面,日本工厂依赖多道人工进行精细分选,以提高后期再生产品的品质。同时,日本在治理前期的建筑垃圾和被污染的土壤方面,技术也更加成熟、先进。结合两国的调研结果,文末提出了我国对于建筑垃圾处置的管理政策、标准规范一些建议。

This paper investigates the relevant policies,laws,and regulations on construction waste in China and Japan,and finally focused on the first-tier cities:Shanghai and Tokyo.It gives a detailed introduction of the current situation and technology in the disposal of construction waste in these two countries.In China,it is mainly based on simple manual sorting,crushing,and sieving.The source of waste is mainly from waste concrete and house demolition.Subjected to the disposal costs,the quality of the waste is polarized to pure concrete and brick mixed garbage(with about 10%concrete).The market for recycled aggregate applications is also quite different.In Japan,legal policies,markets,and corresponding application standards for recycled products are all sounded and updated.Waste-disposal enterprises can achieve a better operation level than China.In terms of disposal technology,Japanese factories rely on multiple manuals for fine sorting to improve the quality of recycled products.What is more,Japan is more mature and advance in terms of mananging landfill waste and contaminated soil.Finally,by comparing and contrasting the research results of the two countries,this paper puts forward some suggestions about management policies and standards for construction waste treatment in China.