从“半工半耕”到“半工伴读”--教育驱动下的县域城镇化新特征

FROM“SEMI-INDUSTRY AND SEMI-AGRICULTURE”TO“SEMI-INDUSTRY AND ACCOMPANYING SCHOOLING”:NEW CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNTY URBANIZATION DRIVEN BY EDUCATION

随着农村家庭的决策考量由“经济收益最大化”转向“以教育为核心的综合收益最大化”,以往“半工半耕”的家庭分工模式呈现新特征。以皖北太和县城的农村学生家庭为案例对象,剖析教育驱动下农村家庭分工布局模式的特征与机制。研究发现,一方面家庭出于代际阶层流动的需求而将子女送入城镇就读,部分家庭成员出于教育抚养的考量而进城陪读;另一方面,教育竞争导致了乡-城流动过程中成本激增,进一步推动家庭主要劳动力异地务工以提高劳动收益。在以皖北为代表的中国高人口密度、高人口流出地区,教育驱动下的农村家庭形成了本地就读、异地务工的“半工伴读”分工模式,并在宏观上体现为本地与异地相交织的城镇化特征。“半工伴读”的分工模式使得家庭在多维尺度上离散,是具有阶段性特征的中国城镇化的独特现象。未来随着本地就业机会的不断增多、市民化进程的不断推进,以家庭为单元的分工模式在空间上会逐步走向收敛,回归更为完整、健康的城镇化模式。

With the shift from"maximization of economic benefit"to"maximization of comprehensive benefit centering at education",the family labor division model of"semi-industry and semi-agriculture"has taken on new features.Taking the rural families with students in Taihe County in northern Anhui Province as examples,this paper analyzes the characteristics and mechanism of family labor division driven by education.The research finds that on the one hand,families send their children into cities due to the need of intergenerational mobility,and some family members go to accompany them for education and upbringing;on the other hand,the education competition leads to the surge of costs,which pushes the main family laborer to work in other places to promote income.In the area with high population density and high population flow-out rate represented by northern Anhui Province,there have formed a labor division model of"semi-industry and accompanying schooling"in rural families driven by education,which is reflected in the macroscopic urbanization characteristics.This new pattern makes family members separated in multi-dimensional scale,which is a unique phenomenon of China's urbanization with stage characteristics.In the future,with the continuous increase of local employment opportunities and the progress of citizeniztion,the family-based division of labor model will gradually converge in space and return to a more complete and healthy urbanization model.