文论史编撰的学科认知与方法论省思

A Reflection on the Compilation of the History of Literary Criticism:the Disciplinary Cognition and Methodology

中国古代文论的研究体系是借鉴域外理论观念,辅之以对传统史料的搜集董理,在中西兼容的阐释与诠解基础上建立起来的,因此它天然被规定了必须处理好“古今”与“中西”两对矛盾,并以辨明中西之间的异同为职志。在实际展开过程中,无论“别异”还是“求同”的研究如今都倍感滞重,它们或仅停留在具体名言的疏通、诠释甚至古文今译,而呈现出一定程度的“碎片化”趋势;或远离传统文论的潜在特质,而流于对外来理论的因循比附。有鉴于此,突破观念史的局限,引入“总体史”的维度,以充分汲取多元文化、文论及一切符合当代知识论公义的理论资源,在“古今”与“中西”的颉顾中,做出无愧于时代的独到回应,无疑是激活传统,构筑更为开放平衡的“整全”的理论系统的有效途径。

The academic research system of ancient Chinese literary criticism has been constructed on the interpretation of Western theoretical conceptions and the archival collection and processing of traditional Chinese literature.Thus,it is inherently required to handle the contradictions between u the past and the presentn,and between “China and the West”,and it is also destined to distinguish the differences and seek for the similarities between China and the West.However,in the actual process,both of the practices can be stagnant:the research work often ends on the explanation of particular quotes or the paraphrase of ancient texts,which is inevitably getting fragmented.It also risks staying away from the underlying traits of traditional literary criticism,while focusing on following or comparing a foreign theory.In view of this,the present article holds that it is necessary to break through the limitations of the history of ideas by introducing the dimension of “ integrated history”, so as to fully absorb multicultural,literary and all other theoretical resources that are in line with the contemporary epistemological justice.Making a unique response worthy of the times is undoubtedly an effective way to activate tradition and build a more open and balanced“complete”theoretical system.