雄安新区生态系统服务簇权衡与协同

Trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem service bundles in Xiong’an New Area

河北雄安新区建设是千年大计、国家大事。在生态优先、绿色发展理念引领下,深入理解生态系统服务间关系对于优化国土空间开发保护、实现自然资源可持续管理具有重要意义。本文基于多源数据评估了雄安新区四种生态系统服务,分析了生态系统服务间关系,并利用自组织映射特征网络划分了生态系统服务簇,以期为新区统筹权衡规划建设提供科学依据。研究结果表明:雄安新区生物多样性维持服务供给总体呈从东北向西南递增;食物供给服务在安新县与容城县供给较高,在雄县供给较低;产水服务供给以西南部地区较高,东北部地区较低;娱乐服务供给则以中北部地区较高,西南部地区较低。不同类型生态系统服务间多为协同关系,少为权衡关系。识别出四种生态系统服务簇,不同服务簇的主要土地利用类型及服务供给特点均存在差异,食物供给簇以旱地为主,主要提供食物供给服务;文化娱乐簇也以旱地为主,主要提供娱乐服务;生态保育簇以水域、旱地和林地为主,主要提供生物多样性维持服务;城镇生活簇则以建设用地为主,也包括少部分水田,主要以产水服务较高。根据不同生态系统服务供给间关系特征,为新区合理确定土地利用变更时序与位置以及促进多重生态系统服务可持续供给提出了建议。

The construction of Xiong’an New Area is crucial for generations and a national affair of China.Under the concept of ecological priority and green development,exploring the associations between ecosystem services is of vital significance for optimizing territory development plan and realizing the sustainable management of natural resources.In this study,four ecosystem services were quantified based on multi-sources data.The associations among ecosystem services were analyzed by using correlation analysis and ecosystem service bundles were identified by applying the self-organizing feature map,in the expectation of providing a scientific basis for balancing the planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area.The results showed that the supply of biodiversity protection service presented an increasing trend from the northeast to the southwest;the delivery of food production service was higher in Anxin county and Rongcheng county than that of Xiongxian county;the higher provision of water yield service mainly occurred in the southwest,while the lower provision of water yield service occurred primarily in the northeast;the recreation service supply was higher in the northcentral part of Xiong’an New Area and lower in the southeast.Most of the associations among ecosystem services are synergistic and have less trade-offs.Four ecosystem service bundles were mapped with different main land use classes and supplies of ecosystem services.The food production bundle was predominantly covered by the dry lands and had the highest supply of food production service.The cultural entertainment bundle also primarily contained dry lands and dominated in providing recreation service.The ecological conservation bundle mainly consisted of water bodies,dry lands and forests,which had the highest delivery of biodiversity protection service.The urban life bundle was associated with urban areas and some paddy lands and showed a high provision of water yield service.On the basis of the characteristics of different ecosystem services supplies bundles,the suggestions were put forward for rationally determining the timing and location of changing land use types and promoting the sustainable provision of multiple ecosystem services in Xiong’an New Area.