论《农村土地承包法》中的土地承包权

On the Land Contracting Right under the Rural Land Contract Law Situation,Dilemma and Settlement Paths

2018年12月修改通过的《农村土地承包法》在维持原有的土地承包经营权之概念和内涵的同时,于第9条引入了“土地承包权”概念。结合立法前后的争议,依据法理分析和体系解释,《农村土地承包法》第9条中的“土地承包权”应被界定为纯剩余财产权,即基于家庭承包而享有土地承包经营权的农户,在流转土地经营权之后对承包地享有的剩余财产权能的总和。该权利在内容上包含流转对价获取权、农业用途和地力维持权、处分同意权等十一项权能。《民法典物权编草案》可以不引入“土地承包权”概念,但应在明确规定土地经营权之权能的同时,进一步明确规定承包农户在流转土地经营权之后享有的剩余权能。

The Rural Land Contract Law(hereinafter referred to as“new contract law”),w hich was amended in December 2018,introduced the concept of“Land Contracting Right”in Article 9 w hile maintaining the concept and connotation of the original Land Contractual Management Right.Base on the debates before and after the legislation,according to the legal analysis and system interpretation,the“Land Contracting Right”in Article 9 of the“new contract law”should be defined as the pure remainder residual property right,that is,the total remainder residual property rights retained by the farmers after they transfer land management right to others.This right includes 11 functions,such as the right to obtain the circulation consideration,the right to maintain the agricultural use and land force,and the right to agree to dispose.The concept of“Land Contracting Right”may not be introduced into the Property Rights Law of Civil Code,but the residual rights and powers enjoyed by the farmers after their transfer of the Land Management Right should be clearly specified,and the rights and powers of the Land Management Right be clearly defined too.