论当代美国政府权力制衡——以“通俄门”调查为视角

New Dynamics of Checks and Balances of Federal Government in the U.S.:From the Perspective of Russia-Gate Investigation

2019年3月22日,美国联邦政府特别检察官穆勒提交“通俄门”报告,历时23个月的案件调查最终以特朗普总统“无罪”而落幕,其间特别检察官穆勒的调查引发了一系列的政治争议。从历史的角度观察,特别检察官在当今美国分权体制的功能性作用已被削弱,调查过程中的政治渗入使其无法做到持身中正;而就“通俄门”的调查过程来看,政府与国会间的政治纷争愈演愈烈,体制制衡的正面作用逐渐演变为政治制衡的负面掣肘。当代美国政府权力制衡的这种转变,日益威胁着美国宪政体制的稳定。

On March 22,2019,Special Counsel M ueller of the US federal government submitted the report of Russia-Gate,and the 23-month investigation of the case finally ended with President Trump being not guilty.Meanw hile,the investigation of Special Counsel M ueller triggered a series of political controversies.From the perspective of history,the functional role of the special prosecutor in the current decentralized system of the United States has been weakened,and the political infiltration in the investigation process has made it impossible for him to maintain his integrity.In terms of the investigation process of Russia-Gate,the political polarization between the Government and the Congress became increasingly fierce,and the role of institutional checks and balances gradually evolved into the restriction of political checks and balances.The change of the power balance of the contemporary American government increasingly threatens the stability of the American constitutional system.