陕西岐山女真遗民完颜氏世系碑文考释

A Study of the Genealogy Monument of the Wanyan Clan of the Jurchen Adherents in Qishan Shaanxi Province

陕西省岐山县蒲村镇洗马庄村保存有自元代以来女真完颜氏的多种文化遗存,除各类传说、风俗、祠堂、墓葬之外,还有保存完好的完颜氏世系碑一通。碑文记载了完颜氏自高祖完颜准元末于洗马庄开府建衙至明代中期共计十一代人的谱系。碑文按照昭穆次序,分列人名共计170位,同时对其职衔、配偶及子男做了简要记载。元明时期的完颜族人在秦陇地区较为活跃,早期军事将领众多,晚期逐渐重视科举。岐山完颜氏所尊奉之完颜鄂和墓,墓主应为家族高祖完颜准,被元廷追封为镇西侯。四世祖完颜也先帖木儿入明之后获赐姓王,与包括五世祖完颜福得在内的数位完颜族人,以武将身份活动于洮岷地区。结合史志文献考释碑文,相互认证,或可填补元明时期女真遗民在西北地区活动的历史空白。

Xianmazhuang village of Qishan County,Shaanxi Province has preserved various cultural relics of the Wanyan clan since the Yuan Dynasty.In addition to various legends,customs,ancestral halls,and tombs,there is also a well-preserved monument of the Wanyan clan.The inscriptions recorded the genealogy of eleven generations from the first ancestor Wanyan Zhun w ho established a yamun in Xianmazhuang between the late Yuan Dynasty and the mid Ming Dynasty.According to the order of Zhaomu system,the inscriptions have listed 170 names,and their positions,spouses and sons were briefly recorded as well.It can be seen from the inscriptions that the Wanyan clan in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties were more active in the Qinlong area,and there were many military generals in the early stage,but the clan attached more importance to the imperial examination in the late stage.The tomb of Wanyan Ehe,respected by the Wanyan clan of Qishan,should be ow ned by Wanyan Zhun,the ancestor of the clan.Later,Wanyan Zhun was granted the title of Zhenxi Official by the Yuan Dynasty.The fourth ancestor Yexiantiemuer of the Wanyan clan w ho was granted the surname Wang after the clan surrendered to the Ming Dynasty.He and other Wanyan leaders,including Wanyan Fude,the fifth ancestor,acted as generals in Taomin area.A study of the genealogy monument,combined with historical documents,may fill in the historical gap of the activities of Jurchen adherents in the northwest of China in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.