中国农业害虫防治科技70年的成就与展望

Agricultural pest control in China over the past 70 years:Achievements and future prospects

新中国成立70年以来,随着农业生产方式的不断变革和科技进步,农业害虫的防治策略从20世纪50年代的农业防治发展到80年代的综合防治和现阶段的绿色防控,害虫防治越来越高效、科学和环保。中国农业昆虫学家先后研究明确了水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、蔬菜和果树等作物主要害虫发生规律,创新了一系列监测预警、生物防治、物理防治、化学生态调控、抗药性治理和抗虫育种技术,构建了以重要作物生产过程和重大致灾害虫为对象的综合防治技术体系。研发的以农业防治为主的蝗虫防控技术体系、以异地测报治理为主的粘虫Mythimnaseparata防控技术体系、以化学农药应急防治为主的稻飞虱防控技术体系、以生物防治为主的玉米螟Ostriniafurnacalis防控技术体系和以转基因技术为主的棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera防控技术体系等害虫治理模式,已成为国际农业害虫防治的经典案例。展望未来,信息技术和人工智能技术、基因组技术、农业生物技术等高新技术发展正推动害虫智能化精准识别与监测预警、智能化精准对靶施药、基因诊断与快速检测、害虫种群遗传调控、区域性生态调控和转基因防治技术的不断创新与广泛应用。

Since the foundation of The People’s Republic of China 70 years ago,continuous improvements in the field of agricultural science and technology have led to significant progress in agricultural pest control strategies,which have been upgraded from primary agronomic measures in the 1950’s to the current more efficient,scientific and environmental-friendly,green pest-management strategies.Chinese agricultural entomologists have successively clarified the outbreak principles of the major pests of rice,wheat,corn,cotton,vegetables and fruit crops,and have also innovated a number of monitoring,forecasting,biological and physical control,and eco-chemical regulation,technologies.They have also developed resistance management strategies,and insect-resistant crop breeding techniques,and have constructed a comprehensive control technology system for both important crops and major pests.Pest management models mainly driven by agronomic measures,source population monitoring and management,chemical pesticides,biological measures,and transgenic technology,have been used to control Locusta migratoria,Mythimna separata,the rice planthopper,Ostrinia furnacalis and Helicoverpa armigera,respectively,which have now become classic examples of agricultural pest control strategies worldwide.The rapid development of information technology,artificial intelligence,agricultural biotechnology,genome technology and other high throughput technologies,will promote continuous innovation in the fields of intelligent pest identification and forecasting,genetic diagnosis and rapid detection,targeted pesticide application,pest population genetics management,regional ecological control and transgenic technology.